{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125980034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acp66871.2025.11350525","title":"Toward Real-World Quantum Networks: Interoperability, Coexistence, and High-Rate QKD","display_name":"Toward Real-World Quantum Networks: Interoperability, Coexistence, and High-Rate QKD","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125980034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acp66871.2025.11350525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acp66871.2025.11350525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acp66871.2025.11350525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acp66871.2025.11350525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608265","display_name":"Asia Communications and Photonics Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053403438","display_name":"Domenico Ribezzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-8339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-8339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Ribezzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florence,Dept. of Physics and Astrophysics,Florence,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florence,Dept. of Physics and Astrophysics,Florence,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054461312","display_name":"Sebastiano Cocchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3246-549X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3246-549X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiano Cocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florence,Dept. of Physics and Astrophysics,Florence,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florence,Dept. of Physics and Astrophysics,Florence,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055625187","display_name":"Mujtaba Zahidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-3983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-3983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mujtaba Zahidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Denmark,Dept. of Electrical and Photonics Engineering,Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark,Dept. of Electrical and Photonics Engineering,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006820684","display_name":"Qi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8550-5387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8550-5387","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1081-8075","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9594-3469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Electrical Engineering Dept.,Hong Kong,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Electrical Engineering Dept.,Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029274526","display_name":"Antonio Mecozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-5699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-5699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Mecozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of L’Aquila,Dept. of Physical and Chemical Sciences,L’Aquila,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L’Aquila,Dept. of Physical and Chemical Sciences,L’Aquila,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052072012","display_name":"Cristian Antonelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3353-7889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3353-7889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Antonelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of L’Aquila,Dept. of Physical and Chemical Sciences,L’Aquila,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L’Aquila,Dept. of Physical and Chemical Sciences,L’Aquila,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084235042","display_name":"Alessandro Zavatta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-7956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-7956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120496","display_name":"National Institute of Optics","ror":"https://ror.org/02dp3a879","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120496","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Zavatta","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council,National Institute of Optics,Florence,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council,National Institute of Optics,Florence,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120496","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081574616","display_name":"Davide Bacco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-4331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-4331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Bacco","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florence,Dept. of Physics and Astrophysics,Florence,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florence,Dept. of Physics and Astrophysics,Florence,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51170196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-networks","display_name":"quantum networks","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"quantum key distribution","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"interoperability","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-rate","display_name":"key rate","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-trials","display_name":"field trials","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-deployment","display_name":"network deployment","score":0.5220000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.8747000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5806000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5702000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5220999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779565104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5447138","display_name":"Field trial","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acp66871.2025.11350525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acp66871.2025.11350525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acp66871.2025.11350525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608265","display_name":"Asia Communications and Photonics Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1499221","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2158/1499221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980096096","https://openalex.org/W2011277039","https://openalex.org/W2754786087","https://openalex.org/W2783298804","https://openalex.org/W2897264299","https://openalex.org/W2948602808","https://openalex.org/W2960919525","https://openalex.org/W2980685390","https://openalex.org/W2989115676","https://openalex.org/W3030773743","https://openalex.org/W4311367307","https://openalex.org/W4392110152","https://openalex.org/W4403187188","https://openalex.org/W4405633334","https://openalex.org/W4410629312","https://openalex.org/W4413117417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7138872885","https://openalex.org/W4402125258","https://openalex.org/W7125624331","https://openalex.org/W4393139726","https://openalex.org/W4311367307","https://openalex.org/W7155621743","https://openalex.org/W4402126542","https://openalex.org/W3134156971","https://openalex.org/W7102330891","https://openalex.org/W2026250320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"networks":[1],"have":[2],"been":[3],"a":[4,26,81],"reality":[5],"for":[6],"several":[7,18],"years,":[8],"with":[9,74],"quantum":[10,45,62],"key":[11,69],"distribution":[12],"as":[13,25],"their":[14,22],"primary":[15],"application.":[16],"However,":[17],"factors":[19],"still":[20],"limit":[21],"widespread":[23],"adoption":[24],"user-ready":[27],"technology.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"work,":[31],"we":[32],"present":[33],"four":[34],"real-world":[35],"experiments":[36],"that":[37],"demonstrate":[38],"concrete":[39],"progress":[40],"toward":[41,84],"the":[42,51],"deployment":[43],"of":[44],"networks.":[46],"These":[47],"field":[48],"trials":[49],"showcase":[50],"ability":[52],"to":[53,67],"interconnect":[54],"different":[55],"countries,":[56],"interface":[57],"diverse":[58],"infrastructures,":[59],"and":[60,64,71,87],"exploit":[61],"properties":[63],"innovative":[65],"technologies":[66],"boost":[68],"rates":[70],"enable":[72],"coexistence":[73],"classical":[75],"communication":[76],"channels.":[77],"Together,":[78],"they":[79],"highlight":[80],"viable":[82],"path":[83],"scalable,":[85],"interoperable,":[86],"high-performance":[88],"quantum-secured":[89],"communication.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}