{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125963798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.578","title":"Effectiveness of a Pharmacist-driven Intervention in the Knowledge Improvement Regarding Inhaler Use by COPD Outpatients of a Respiratory Disease Specialized Hospital in Nepal","display_name":"Effectiveness of a Pharmacist-driven Intervention in the Knowledge Improvement Regarding Inhaler Use by COPD Outpatients of a Respiratory Disease Specialized Hospital in Nepal","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125963798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37107/jhas.578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.578","pdf_url":"http://jhas.org.np/jhas/index.php/jhas/article/download/578/267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193288","display_name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","issn_l":"2091-2579","issn":["2091-2579","2091-2587"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7125963798"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://jhas.org.np/jhas/index.php/jhas/article/download/578/267","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072316801","display_name":"Gulam Muhammad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-6782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-6782"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151104398","display_name":"Pokhara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dayf324","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gulam Muhammad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057154700","display_name":"Kushal Subedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-8499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-8499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151104398","display_name":"Pokhara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dayf324","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kushal Subedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacy Department, Pokhara University Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacy Department, Pokhara University Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"25","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11651","display_name":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","score":0.03720000013709068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhaler-technique","display_name":"inhaler technique","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacist-intervention","display_name":"pharmacist intervention","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-knowledge","display_name":"patient knowledge","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metered-dose-inhaler","display_name":"MDI","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-powder-inhaler","display_name":"dry powder inhaler","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-counseling","display_name":"patient counseling","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatients","display_name":"outpatients","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9273999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780261241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394363","display_name":"Inhaler","level":3,"score":0.8482999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777419714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334805","display_name":"Dry-powder inhaler","level":4,"score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5986999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780667556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16897784","display_name":"Metered-dose inhaler","level":4,"score":0.5187000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779457091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105186","display_name":"Pharmacist","level":3,"score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840343","display_name":"Inhalation","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992779976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Pulmonary disease","level":2,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983914783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Lung disease","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Respiratory disease","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777012970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2659932","display_name":"Respiratory Medicine","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777104659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3508797","display_name":"Obstructive lung disease","level":3,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777929519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144988","display_name":"Patient education","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.2599000036716461}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37107/jhas.578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.578","pdf_url":"http://jhas.org.np/jhas/index.php/jhas/article/download/578/267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193288","display_name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","issn_l":"2091-2579","issn":["2091-2579","2091-2587"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37107/jhas.578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.578","pdf_url":"http://jhas.org.np/jhas/index.php/jhas/article/download/578/267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193288","display_name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","issn_l":"2091-2579","issn":["2091-2579","2091-2587"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125963798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125963798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9284297","https://openalex.org/W80948514","https://openalex.org/W1763507289","https://openalex.org/W1983299958","https://openalex.org/W1985836655","https://openalex.org/W2011704466","https://openalex.org/W2037541263","https://openalex.org/W2056043104","https://openalex.org/W2076532858","https://openalex.org/W2082638352","https://openalex.org/W2106508230","https://openalex.org/W2118269576","https://openalex.org/W2122436378","https://openalex.org/W2125158574","https://openalex.org/W2138964878","https://openalex.org/W2156514379","https://openalex.org/W2156852205","https://openalex.org/W2169104840","https://openalex.org/W2171538542","https://openalex.org/W2313458055","https://openalex.org/W2504129510","https://openalex.org/W2603275790","https://openalex.org/W2739118782","https://openalex.org/W2969667190","https://openalex.org/W3012954099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806931553","https://openalex.org/W2965567572","https://openalex.org/W4200169399","https://openalex.org/W1574693689","https://openalex.org/W2566165406","https://openalex.org/W2329327198","https://openalex.org/W4400212705","https://openalex.org/W4386611008","https://openalex.org/W4404017757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Chronic":[1],"obstructive":[2],"pulmonary":[3],"disease":[4,10],"(COPD)":[5],"is":[6,18,24],"a":[7,51,84,133],"progressive":[8],"lung":[9],"characterized":[11],"by":[12,132],"chronic":[13],"obstruction":[14],"of":[15,36,83,103,138,164,175,196,205,220],"airflow":[16],"which":[17,231],"not":[19],"completely":[20],"reversible.":[21],"Inhalational":[22],"route":[23,28],"the":[25,34,81,88,127,136,150,165,173,197,203,218,236],"most":[26],"common":[27],"intended":[29],"for":[30,108,142],"drug":[31],"administration":[32],"in":[33,54,87,94,126,156,247],"treatment":[35,46],"COPD-like":[37],"conditions.":[38],"However,":[39],"incorrect":[40],"inhalation":[41,62],"technique":[42,93,124],"leads":[43],"to":[44,79,117,171,235,244],"poor":[45,200],"outcomes.":[47],"Notably,":[48],"pharmacists":[49],"have":[50],"pivotal":[52],"role":[53],"providing":[55],"appropriate":[56],"information":[57,141],"and":[58,66,135,154,194,210,224],"training":[59],"regarding":[60,91,144,202,250],"medication,":[61],"techniques,":[63],"potential":[64],"benefits,":[65],"side":[67],"effects":[68],"associated":[69],"with":[70],"inhaled":[71],"medications.":[72],"Therefore,":[73],"an":[74],"interventional":[75],"study":[76,128],"was":[77,100,129,169,242],"designed":[78],"assess":[80],"effectiveness":[82,174],"pharmacist\u2019s":[85,176],"intervention":[86,177,230,241],"knowledge":[89,188,201,249],"improvement":[90,155],"inhaler":[92,145,157,251],"COPD":[95,254],"patients.":[96,122,237,255],"Methods:":[97],"Study":[98],"site":[99],"Medicine":[101],"OPD":[102],"GP":[104],"Koirala":[105],"National":[106],"Centre":[107],"Respiratory":[109],"Disease,":[110],"Dulegaunda,":[111],"Tanahun,":[112],"Nepal":[113],"from":[114],"December":[115],"2021":[116],"February":[118],"2022":[119],"among":[120,253],"95":[121],"Intervention":[123],"used":[125],"counseling":[130],"provided":[131],"pharmacist":[134],"distribution":[137],"leaflets":[139],"containing":[140],"patients":[143,151],"use.":[146],"After":[147],"one":[148],"month,":[149],"were":[152,160],"followed-up":[153],"use":[158,204,219,252],"techniques":[159],"determined.":[161],"A":[162],"comparison":[163],"pre-and":[166],"post-intervention":[167],"data":[168],"performed":[170],"determine":[172],"on":[178,217],"reducing":[179],"inhaler-associated":[180],"errors":[181],"using":[182],"suitable":[183],"tests":[184],"(p<0.05).":[185],"Results:":[186],"The":[187,239],"measure":[189],"suggested":[190],"that":[191],"86.8":[192],"%":[193],"24.56%":[195],"respondents":[198],"had":[199],"metered":[206],"dose":[207],"inhalers":[208,213],"(MDI)":[209],"dry":[211],"powder":[212],"(DPI),":[214],"respectively.":[215],"Knowledge":[216],"inhalers,":[221],"both":[222],"MDI":[223],"DPI,":[225],"improved":[226],"significantly":[227],"(p<0.001)":[228],"following":[229],"ultimately":[232],"became":[233],"advantageous":[234],"Conclusion:":[238],"pharmacist-driven":[240],"found":[243],"be":[245],"effective":[246],"improving":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}