{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125936282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","title":"Quality aspects of Fengyun3 D\u2215E radio occultation bending angle products","display_name":"Quality aspects of Fengyun3 D\u2215E radio occultation bending angle products","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125936282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-659-2026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70769875","display_name":"Atmospheric measurement techniques","issn_l":"1867-1381","issn":["1867-1381","1867-8548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124130951","display_name":"Ying Wai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-7171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-7171","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6113-4803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261497","display_name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS","ror":"https://ror.org/05cy2r844","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405261497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405261497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057743201","display_name":"Yan Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Meteorological Administration (Beijing, China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Meteorological Administration (Beijing, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076957833","display_name":"Wenwu Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-8139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-8139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261497","display_name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS","ror":"https://ror.org/05cy2r844","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405261497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405261497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041113255","display_name":"Mi Liao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mi Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Satellite Meteorological Centre, Chinese Meteorological Administration (NSMC/CMA), Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Meteorological Centre, Chinese Meteorological Administration (NSMC/CMA), Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041047438","display_name":"Xingliang Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2856-5799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2856-5799","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-5847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261497","display_name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS","ror":"https://ror.org/05cy2r844","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405261497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingliang Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2856-5799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405261497"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091892753","display_name":"J Y Ye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261497","display_name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS","ror":"https://ror.org/05cy2r844","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405261497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinying Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405261497"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057743201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"],"apc_list":{"value":1470,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1585},"apc_paid":{"value":1470,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1585},"fwci":2.7764,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84571356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"659","last_page":"678"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.6836000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.6836000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.12919999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.07609999924898148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fengyun-3d","display_name":"Fengyun-3D","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fengyun-3e","display_name":"Fengyun-3E","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-occultation","display_name":"radio occultation","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality-assessment","display_name":"data quality assessment","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier-detection","display_name":"outlier detection","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractivity-retrieval","display_name":"refractivity retrieval","score":0.8569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.758899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6521000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777034083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1560557","display_name":"Radio occultation","level":3,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5475335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7261145","display_name":"Pure bending","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70769875","display_name":"Atmospheric measurement techniques","issn_l":"1867-1381","issn":["1867-1381","1867-8548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.5194/egusphere-2025-4777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4777","pdf_url":"https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4777/egusphere-2025-4777.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EGUsphere","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b75facfab764d39add495258b4c99e8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b75facfab764d39add495258b4c99e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 19, Pp 659-678 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-659-2026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70769875","display_name":"Atmospheric measurement techniques","issn_l":"1867-1381","issn":["1867-1381","1867-8548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519279824","https://openalex.org/W1960175515","https://openalex.org/W1965926921","https://openalex.org/W1981254092","https://openalex.org/W1983771453","https://openalex.org/W2011012882","https://openalex.org/W2028058872","https://openalex.org/W2028892603","https://openalex.org/W2034552876","https://openalex.org/W2042559975","https://openalex.org/W2043275804","https://openalex.org/W2047638950","https://openalex.org/W2051058080","https://openalex.org/W2057288048","https://openalex.org/W2068680713","https://openalex.org/W2090284691","https://openalex.org/W2090380574","https://openalex.org/W2101905382","https://openalex.org/W2101992743","https://openalex.org/W2103839374","https://openalex.org/W2119747561","https://openalex.org/W2120653142","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2143903020","https://openalex.org/W2145325816","https://openalex.org/W2157418550","https://openalex.org/W2162685797","https://openalex.org/W2252037019","https://openalex.org/W2318229073","https://openalex.org/W2680822533","https://openalex.org/W2732282825","https://openalex.org/W2783779770","https://openalex.org/W2991033175","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3042573543","https://openalex.org/W3047940926","https://openalex.org/W3048177960","https://openalex.org/W3204622614","https://openalex.org/W4200512182","https://openalex.org/W4312126860","https://openalex.org/W4317905741","https://openalex.org/W4360953794","https://openalex.org/W4387743932","https://openalex.org/W4388574182","https://openalex.org/W4389917286","https://openalex.org/W4399637261","https://openalex.org/W4402945114","https://openalex.org/W4403397009","https://openalex.org/W4408635157"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"systematically":[3],"evaluated":[4],"the":[5,123,134,185,222,248,276],"quality":[6,33,63,262,277],"of":[7,34,126,141,148,158,164,179,208,251],"ionosphere-corrected":[8,68],"bending":[9,38,47,69,82,114,232,239,253],"angles":[10,70,83,115,233,259],"from":[11],"Fengyun3":[12],"(FY3)":[13],"D/E":[14],"satellites":[15,143],"(equipped":[16],"with":[17,73,177],"GPS":[18],"and":[19,27,41,59,131,138,162,173,225,242,288],"BDS":[20],"receivers)":[21],"using":[22],"ERA5":[23],"data":[24],"as":[25,30],"references":[26],"MetOp":[28,74,92,183,211],"products":[29],"comparisons.":[31],"The":[32],"subsequent":[35],"retrieved":[36],"optimized":[37,231,252],"angles,":[39],"refractivity,":[40],"temperature":[42,243],"were":[43,49,71,144,234,244],"also":[44,245],"analysed.":[45],"Ionosphere-corrected":[46],"angle":[48],"assessed":[50],"via":[51],"two":[52],"approaches:":[53],"outlier":[54,90],"detection":[55],"across":[56],"10\u201380":[57],"km":[58],"bias/noise":[60],"quantification.":[61],"Overall":[62],"evaluation":[64],"showed":[65,152],"that":[66],"FY3":[67,81,142,257,281],"consistent":[72],"below":[75,263],"40":[76,79,264],"km.":[77,128,265],"Above":[78],"km,":[80],"exhibited":[84,196],"larger":[85,223],"errors":[86],"than":[87,146],"MetOp.":[88,149],"In":[89,255],"detection,":[91],"had":[93,107,184,205],"nearly":[94],"0":[95],"%":[96,110],"bad":[97,111],"profiles,":[98],"followed":[99],"by":[100,237,247],"FY3D":[101,172],"(<10":[102],"%),":[103],"while":[104],"FY3E":[105],"(GPS/BDS)":[106],"about":[108,159,217],"20":[109],"profiles.":[112],"FY3E-GPS":[113,151,195],"are":[116,167,213,216,272],"prone":[117],"to":[118,221,274],"have":[119],"large":[120,154],"outliers":[121],"in":[122,168,284],"height":[124],"range":[125],"35\u201350":[127],"For":[129],"bias":[130],"noise":[132,139,198],"quantification,":[133],"daily":[135,155],"mean":[136,156],"biases":[137,157,166,178,224],"levels":[140],"higher":[145],"those":[147],"Specifically,":[150],"notable":[153],"\u22120.4":[160],"\u03bcrad":[161],"most":[163],"these":[165],"rising":[169],"RO":[170],"events.":[171],"FY3E-BDS":[174,204],"ranked":[175],"second,":[176],"approximately":[180],"\u22120.1":[181],"\u03bcrad.":[182,191,210,219],"smallest":[186,214],"biases,":[187],"at":[188,200,227,267],"around":[189],"\u20130.05":[190],"Regarding":[192],"noises,":[193],"FY3D,":[194],"comparable":[197],"levels,":[199],"roughly":[201],"2.5":[202],"\u03bcrad;":[203],"lower":[206],"noises":[207,212,226],"1.5":[209],"which":[215],"1.0":[218],"Due":[220],"high":[228,261,268],"altitudes,":[229,269],"FY3\u2019s":[230],"strongly":[235],"corrected":[236],"background":[238],"angles.":[240],"Refractivity":[241],"influenced":[246],"strong":[249],"correction":[250],"angle.":[254],"summary,":[256],"ionosphere-bending":[258],"show":[260],"However,":[266],"further":[270],"efforts":[271],"required":[273],"improve":[275],"issue":[278],"for":[279,292],"improving":[280],"data\u2019s":[282],"utility":[283],"numerical":[285],"weather":[286],"prediction":[287],"climate":[289],"studies,":[290],"especially":[291],"stratospheric":[293],"applications.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}