{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125797299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","title":"Non-Destructive Estimation of Nitrogen and Crude Protein in Mombasa Grass Using Morphometry, Colorimetry,","display_name":"Non-Destructive Estimation of Nitrogen and Crude Protein in Mombasa Grass Using Morphometry, Colorimetry,","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125797299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"volume":null,"type":"dataset","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123948924","display_name":"Oswaldo Navarrete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-4828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-4828"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navarrete, Oswaldo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090494032","display_name":"Rafael Marzall do Amaral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-0696","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-0696"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amaral, Rafael Marzall do","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.3176000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.3176000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.3019999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.24410000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-content","display_name":"nitrogen content","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crude-protein","display_name":"crude protein","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panicum-maximum","display_name":"Panicum maximum","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mombasa-grass","display_name":"Mombasa grass","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage-crops","display_name":"forage crops","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spad-chlorophyll-meter","display_name":"SPAD chlorophyll meter","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphometrics","display_name":"morphometrics","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-forages","display_name":"tropical forages","score":0.6890000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169478075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898934","display_name":"Kjeldahl method","level":3,"score":0.8565000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.70660001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377214","display_name":"Forage","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778902199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133878","display_name":"Chlorophyll a","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88972607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666904","display_name":"Human fertilization","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126043422","https://openalex.org/W4414830932","https://openalex.org/W2437039386","https://openalex.org/W2563176637","https://openalex.org/W2995455398","https://openalex.org/W4412636123","https://openalex.org/W4255840404","https://openalex.org/W2542616533","https://openalex.org/W2532759284","https://openalex.org/W3098839782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimating":[0],"nitrogen":[1,82,176,197],"(N)":[2],"and":[3,18,28,34,60,66,85,122,154,177,190,198,213],"the":[4,26],"corresponding":[5],"crude":[6,178,199],"protein":[7,179,200],"(CP)":[8],"content":[9],"in":[10,39,68,201],"forage":[11],"crops":[12],"is":[13],"essential":[14],"for":[15,36,193,211],"optimizing":[16],"fertilization":[17,83],"livestock":[19],"nutrition.":[20],"However,":[21],"standard":[22],"methods":[23,210],"such":[24],"as":[25,186],"Dumas":[27],"Kjeldahl":[29],"techniques":[30],"are":[31],"destructive,":[32],"costly,":[33],"impractical":[35],"field":[37,214],"use":[38],"certain":[40],"regions":[41],"of":[42,75,196],"developing":[43],"countries.":[44],"This":[45,181],"study":[46,182],"evaluated":[47],"four":[48],"non-destructive":[49,194],"approaches\u2014morphometric":[50],"measurements,":[51],"Pantone\u00ae":[52],"color":[53,165],"scales,":[54],"smartphone-based":[55],"RGB":[56,108,144,148,170],"analysis":[57],"(ColorDetector":[58],"app),":[59],"SPAD":[61],"chlorophyll":[62],"readings\u2014for":[63],"predicting":[64],"N":[65],"CP":[67],"Megathyrsus":[69],"maximus":[70],"(Mombasa":[71],"grass).":[72],"A":[73],"total":[74],"120":[76],"samples":[77],"were":[78,118],"collected":[79],"under":[80],"three":[81],"levels":[84],"assessed":[86],"using":[87],"linear":[88],"mixed-effects":[89],"models":[90,109,126,149],"with":[91,104,142],"cross-validation.":[92],"Morphometric":[93],"variables":[94],"showed":[95],"poor":[96],"performance":[97],"(R2":[98,114,131],"<":[99],"0.01),":[100],"indicating":[101],"low":[102],"correlation":[103],"nutrient":[105],"content.":[106],"Pantone-based":[107],"provided":[110],"slightly":[111],"better":[112],"predictions":[113],"\u2248":[115,132,135],"0.30)":[116],"but":[117],"limited":[119],"by":[120],"subjectivity":[121],"discrete":[123],"data.":[124],"SPAD-based":[125],"demonstrated":[127],"moderate":[128],"predictive":[129],"accuracy":[130,139],"0.53;":[133],"RMSE":[134,155],"0.46%).":[136],"The":[137],"highest":[138],"was":[140,167],"achieved":[141],"smartphone-derived":[143],"data,":[145],"where":[146],"full":[147],"reached":[150],"R2":[151],"=":[152,156],"0.60":[153],"0.45%.":[157],"Based":[158],"on":[159],"these":[160],"results,":[161],"a":[162,187],"practical":[163],"green":[164],"scale":[166],"developed":[168],"from":[169],"values":[171],"to":[172,208],"support":[173],"real-time,":[174],"in-field":[175],"assessment.":[180],"highlights":[183],"smartphone":[184],"imaging":[185],"scalable,":[188],"low-cost,":[189],"accurate":[191],"tool":[192],"estimation":[195],"tropical":[202],"forages,":[203],"offering":[204],"an":[205],"accessible":[206],"alternative":[207],"laboratory":[209],"producers":[212],"technicians.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}
