{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125698331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031244","title":"Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol on the Early-Age Mechanical Properties and Carbon Uptake of Lime-Enriched Binders: A Comparative Study with Pure Lime and Portland Cement Systems","display_name":"Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol on the Early-Age Mechanical Properties and Carbon Uptake of Lime-Enriched Binders: A Comparative Study with Pure Lime and Portland Cement Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125698331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16031244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031244","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/3/1244/pdf?version=1769487350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/3/1244/pdf?version=1769487350","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123861374","display_name":"Xuelian Yuan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280001","display_name":"Wanjiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/029sj4132","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280001"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelian Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan 243031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan 243031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011971742","display_name":"Xi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1856-406X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1856-406X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chong Yan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123836263","display_name":"Yue Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-5608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-5608"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123836263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03753554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"1244","last_page":"1244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12247","display_name":"Microbial Applications in Construction Materials","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyvinyl-alcohol","display_name":"polyvinyl alcohol","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-strength","display_name":"early-age strength","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-sequestration","display_name":"carbon sequestration","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-uptake","display_name":"CO2 uptake","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portland-cement","display_name":"Portland cement","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-of-hydration","display_name":"heat of hydration","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydration-inhibition","display_name":"hydration inhibition","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cementitious-materials","display_name":"cementitious materials","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-zero-emissions","display_name":"near-zero emissions","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778551929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146339","display_name":"Polyvinyl alcohol","level":2,"score":0.7997000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778218555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250423","display_name":"Lime","level":2,"score":0.7376999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.7178000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6858999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.6241000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.5964000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988076202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240553","display_name":"Mechanical strength","level":2,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180145272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504144","display_name":"Shrinkage","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102267420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120206","display_name":"Izod impact strength test","level":3,"score":0.2635999917984009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16031244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031244","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/3/1244/pdf?version=1769487350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fbede715bda345a29008bf1f90f07bd7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fbede715bda345a29008bf1f90f07bd7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 3, p 1244 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16031244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031244","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/3/1244/pdf?version=1769487350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.821399986743927},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125698331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125698331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1456976703","https://openalex.org/W1822266679","https://openalex.org/W1997830747","https://openalex.org/W2426201011","https://openalex.org/W2549155768","https://openalex.org/W2907406972","https://openalex.org/W2945567411","https://openalex.org/W2955643198","https://openalex.org/W4226021795","https://openalex.org/W4308925188","https://openalex.org/W4324026237","https://openalex.org/W4366994361","https://openalex.org/W4375947516","https://openalex.org/W4376870383","https://openalex.org/W4380153172","https://openalex.org/W4385931745","https://openalex.org/W4387889658","https://openalex.org/W4393853308","https://openalex.org/W4394789213","https://openalex.org/W4401906765","https://openalex.org/W4402041473","https://openalex.org/W4402112650","https://openalex.org/W4402943783","https://openalex.org/W4403286966","https://openalex.org/W4403845838","https://openalex.org/W4405867260","https://openalex.org/W4409150966","https://openalex.org/W4409363555","https://openalex.org/W4409694861","https://openalex.org/W4410488646","https://openalex.org/W4411009413","https://openalex.org/W7082973981"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,13,30,42,73,79,85,94,111,134,138,158,170,177,182],"development":[2],"of":[3,15,35,45,70,75,82,96,102,115,127,145,161,184],"novel":[4],"production":[5],"routes":[6],"enabling":[7],"near-zero":[8],"emissions":[9],"from":[10],"lime":[11,16,61],"manufacturing,":[12],"use":[14],"as":[17],"a":[18,99],"carbon-sequestering":[19],"component":[20],"in":[21,68],"cementitious":[22],"materials":[23],"has":[24],"attracted":[25],"increasing":[26],"attention.":[27],"To":[28],"address":[29],"intrinsically":[31],"low":[32],"early-age":[33,80],"strength":[34,81,95],"lime-enriched":[36],"binders":[37],"(LP),":[38],"this":[39],"study":[40],"investigates":[41],"modification":[43],"effect":[44],"polyvinyl":[46],"alcohol":[47],"(PVA)":[48],"on":[49],"LP,":[50,83],"with":[51,155],"systematic":[52],"comparisons":[53],"to":[54,169],"ordinary":[55],"Portland":[56],"cement":[57],"(PO)":[58],"and":[59,117,122,142,147],"pure":[60],"systems":[62],"(LE).":[63],"The":[64],"results":[65],"indicate":[66],"that,":[67],"terms":[69],"mechanical":[71,159],"performance,":[72,110],"incorporation":[74],"PVA":[76,105,152,165],"significantly":[77],"enhances":[78],"particularly":[84],"flexural":[86],"strength,":[87],"which":[88,174],"increases":[89,119],"by":[90,120,131,164,181],"119.3%.":[91],"In":[92],"contrast,":[93],"PO":[97,116,146],"shows":[98],"certain":[100],"degree":[101],"reduction":[103],"after":[104,151],"addition.":[106],"Regarding":[107],"carbon":[108],"uptake":[109],"CO2":[112],"sequestration":[113],"capacity":[114],"LE":[118],"16.8%":[121],"16.9%,":[123],"respectively,":[124],"whereas":[125],"that":[126],"LP":[128,148,162],"slightly":[129],"decreases":[130],"5.5%.":[132],"From":[133],"hydration":[135],"perspective,":[136],"both":[137],"heat":[139,144],"release":[140],"rate":[141],"cumulative":[143],"are":[149],"reduced":[150],"incorporation.":[153],"Combined":[154],"microstructural":[156],"analysis,":[157],"enhancement":[160],"induced":[163],"is":[166],"mainly":[167],"attributed":[168],"polymer":[171],"film-forming":[172],"effect,":[173],"compensates":[175],"for":[176],"negative":[178],"impact":[179],"caused":[180],"inhibition":[183],"hydration.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2026-01-27T00:00:00"}
