{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125624331","doi":null,"title":"The practical application of quantum key distribution networks","display_name":"The practical application of quantum key distribution networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125624331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.whiterose.ac.uk:37945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/37945/1/Pearse_204024572_Thesis_PracticalQKD.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/37945/1/Pearse_204024572_Thesis_PracticalQKD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401585","display_name":"White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090328061","display_name":"Joseph Pearse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pearse, Joseph W","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090328061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"quantum key distribution","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qkd-networks","display_name":"QKD networks","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dwdm-networks","display_name":"DWDM networks","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-scattering","display_name":"Raman scattering","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/four-wave-mixing","display_name":"four-wave mixing","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-key-rate","display_name":"secret key rate","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-planning","display_name":"network planning","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-communication","display_name":"secure communication","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.9139000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6947000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6241999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5292999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.whiterose.ac.uk:37945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/37945/1/Pearse_204024572_Thesis_PracticalQKD.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/37945/1/Pearse_204024572_Thesis_PracticalQKD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401585","display_name":"White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7148193515","https://openalex.org/W7220276275","https://openalex.org/W4323538316","https://openalex.org/W7215304426","https://openalex.org/W4391991399","https://openalex.org/W7212726762","https://openalex.org/W2790639534","https://openalex.org/W7155101147","https://openalex.org/W7155621743","https://openalex.org/W4401753570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"Key":[1],"Distribution":[2],"(QKD)":[3],"exploits":[4],"the":[5,43,67,110,158,245,252],"principles":[6],"of":[7,46,69,114,134,140,193,220,295],"quantum":[8,104],"mechanics":[9],"to":[10,30,98,165,247,281,291],"enable":[11],"information-theoretic":[12],"security,":[13],"offering":[14],"significant":[15],"advantages":[16],"over":[17,137,184],"classical":[18,106],"cryptographic":[19],"approaches.":[20],"Despite":[21],"extensive":[22],"experimental":[23,159,275],"demonstrations":[24],"worldwide,":[25],"many":[26,217],"implementations":[27],"remain":[28],"confined":[29],"laboratory":[31],"environments":[32],"that":[33,186],"may":[34],"be":[35],"impractical":[36],"for":[37,154,203,249,258],"large-scale":[38],"deployment.":[39,156],"This":[40,198,264],"thesis":[41],"addresses":[42],"critical":[44],"challenge":[45],"making":[47],"QKD":[48,118,167,196,221,272],"viable":[49],"within":[50],"real-world":[51,141],"telecommunications":[52],"networks.":[53,285],"Current":[54],"field":[55,112],"trials":[56],"often":[57],"prioritise":[58],"metrics":[59,152],"such":[60,173,207],"as":[61,174,208,214,216],"distance":[62],"and":[63,76,102,105,177,211,224,236,261],"key":[64,241],"rate":[65,242],"at":[66],"expense":[68],"practicality,":[70],"employing":[71],"ultra-low-loss":[72],"fibres,":[73],"custom":[74],"components,":[75],"dedicated":[77],"dark":[78],"channels.":[79],"These":[80],"constraints":[81],"could":[82],"hinder":[83],"integration":[84,276],"with":[85,121,277],"existing":[86,195],"infrastructure.":[87],"To":[88],"overcome":[89],"these":[90],"limitations,":[91],"this":[92],"work":[93],"introduces":[94],"UKQNtel\u2014a":[95],"testbed":[96],"designed":[97],"incorporate":[99],"commercial-grade":[100,123],"equipment":[101],"multiplex":[103],"traffic.":[107],"UKQNtel":[108,228],"represents":[109],"first":[111],"trial":[113],"a":[115,122,181,255,267,293],"coherent":[116],"one-way":[117],"system":[119],"integrated":[120],"encrypted":[124,135],"Dense":[125],"Wavelength":[126],"Division":[127],"Multiplexing":[128],"(DWDM)":[129],"network,":[130],"delivering":[131],"500":[132],"Gbps":[133],"data":[136],"121":[138],"km":[139],"fibre.":[142],"The":[143,286],"network":[144,259],"comprises":[145],"four":[146],"trusted-node":[147],"links,":[148],"each":[149],"achieving":[150],"performance":[151,168],"suitable":[153],"practical":[155,271],"Complementing":[157],"work,":[160],"novel":[161],"simulations":[162],"were":[163],"developed":[164],"predict":[166],"using":[169],"only":[170],"fundamental":[171],"parameters":[172],"distance,":[175],"wavelength,":[176],"optical":[178],"power;":[179],"marking":[180],"clear":[182,268],"improvement":[183],"models":[185],"require":[187],"broad":[188],"assumptions":[189],"or":[190],"empirical":[191],"measurements":[192,229],"an":[194],"link.":[197],"simulation":[199],"develops":[200],"new":[201],"tools":[202],"simulating":[204],"non-linear":[205],"effects":[206],"Raman":[209],"scattering":[210],"four-wave":[212],"mixing,":[213],"well":[215],"other":[218],"aspects":[219],"noise,":[222],"loss,":[223],"detection.":[225],"Validation":[226],"against":[227],"showed":[230],"strong":[231],"agreement":[232],"in":[233],"attenuation":[234],"modelling":[235,279],"link-level":[237],"performance.":[238],"While":[239],"secret":[240],"estimates":[243],"demonstrate":[244],"need":[246],"account":[248],"additional":[250],"losses,":[251],"model":[253],"provides":[254],"robust":[256],"foundation":[257],"planning":[260],"scalability":[262],"analysis.":[263],"research":[265],"demonstrates":[266],"pathway":[269],"toward":[270],"deployment,":[273],"combining":[274],"predictive":[278],"applicable":[280],"larger,":[282],"more":[283],"complex":[284],"results":[287],"underscore":[288],"QKD\u2019s":[289],"potential":[290],"become":[292],"cornerstone":[294],"future":[296],"secure":[297],"communications.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2026-01-25T00:00:00"}