{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125577889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdatase66491.2025.00014","title":"A quantitative analysis method for cross-layer attack risks in cyber-physical systems","display_name":"A quantitative analysis method for cross-layer attack risks in cyber-physical systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125577889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdatase66491.2025.00014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdatase66491.2025.00014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdatase66491.2025.00014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdatase66491.2025.00014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 19th International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering (BigDataSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123746840","display_name":"Xin Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142656","display_name":"Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04983b693","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Functional safety center Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Functional safety center Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681555","display_name":"Yabin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-3973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-3973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142656","display_name":"Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04983b693","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yabin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Functional safety center Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Functional safety center Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109784762","display_name":"Yao Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142656","display_name":"Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04983b693","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Functional safety center Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Functional safety center Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123766841","display_name":"Zouqing Meng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142656","display_name":"Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04983b693","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zouqing Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Research and development department,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Research and development department,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081723529","display_name":"Linkun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5146-4572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5146-4572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142656","display_name":"Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04983b693","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linkun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Functional safety center Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Functional safety center Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142656"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"42","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.061000000685453415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-systems","display_name":"cyber-physical systems","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-cyber-physical-systems","display_name":"industrial cyber-physical systems","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-quantification","display_name":"risk quantification","score":0.8999999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.7249000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7095000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95986675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185168","display_name":"Quantitative analysis (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.5005000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66283442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389268","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984588014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative assessment","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851598","display_name":"Physical security","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632136","display_name":"Security controls","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92446256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306762","display_name":"Data validation","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdatase66491.2025.00014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdatase66491.2025.00014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdatase66491.2025.00014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 19th International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering (BigDataSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312223642","https://openalex.org/W4362584474","https://openalex.org/W4387022596","https://openalex.org/W4387824443","https://openalex.org/W4390636702","https://openalex.org/W4393098778","https://openalex.org/W4405305479","https://openalex.org/W4407590115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405305479","https://openalex.org/W2242349876","https://openalex.org/W4408911747","https://openalex.org/W4292554283","https://openalex.org/W7213866196","https://openalex.org/W7204814409","https://openalex.org/W7217176691","https://openalex.org/W3083585945","https://openalex.org/W4392772292","https://openalex.org/W2052064701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"resolve":[1],"the":[2,11,88,118],"quantification":[3,29,97],"challenges":[4],"of":[5,14],"cross-layer":[6,76,124],"attack":[7,107,125],"risks":[8],"arising":[9],"from":[10],"deep":[12],"integration":[13],"cyber":[15],"and":[16,40,55,91,112,135,140],"physical":[17,48],"layers":[18],"in":[19,36,121],"Industrial":[20],"Cyber-Physical":[21],"Systems":[22],"(CPS),":[23],"this":[24],"study":[25],"proposes":[26],"an":[27,100],"innovative":[28],"methodology.":[30],"This":[31],"approach":[32],"overcomes":[33],"limitations":[34],"inherent":[35],"traditional":[37],"Failure":[38],"Mode":[39],"Effects":[41],"Analysis":[42],"(FMEA),":[43],"which":[44],"focuses":[45],"solely":[46],"on":[47],"failures":[49],"while":[50],"neglecting":[51],"cyber-layer":[52],"risk":[53,96],"sources":[54],"demonstrating":[56],"insufficient":[57],"security":[58,132,145],"evaluation":[59],"metrics.":[60,114],"The":[61],"research":[62],"objectives":[63],"are":[64],"achieved":[65],"through":[66],"three":[67],"principal":[68],"innovations:":[69],"first,":[70],"extending":[71],"analytical":[72],"dimensions":[73],"to":[74,86],"define":[75],"\u201cattack-defense\u201d":[77],"logical":[78],"chains;":[79],"second,":[80],"constructing":[81],"a":[82,94],"cyber-physical":[83],"dependency":[84],"matrix":[85],"quantify":[87],"correlation":[89],"strength;":[90],"third,":[92],"establishing":[93],"comprehensive":[95],"model":[98],"integrating":[99],"indicator":[101],"system":[102],"comprising":[103],"seven":[104],"dimensions,":[105],"including":[106],"entry":[108],"exposure,":[109],"vulnerability":[110],"maturity,":[111],"related":[113],"Application":[115],"results":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"method\u2019s":[119],"efficacy":[120],"systematically":[122],"quantifying":[123],"risks,":[126],"effectively":[127],"supporting":[128],"priority":[129],"decision-making":[130],"for":[131,143],"protection":[133],"measures,":[134],"providing":[136],"both":[137],"theoretical":[138],"foundations":[139],"practical":[141],"tools":[142],"CPS":[144],"frameworks.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-01-25T00:00:00"}