{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125531082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","title":"How to communicate evidence against catchy erroneous arguments?","display_name":"How to communicate evidence against catchy erroneous arguments?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125531082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41574834","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13230487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123680090","display_name":"Avi Magid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105332","display_name":"Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region","ror":"https://ror.org/01fen8d67","country_code":"BE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105332"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Avi Magid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) , Brussels,","Department of International Health, Maastricht University , Maastricht,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) , Brussels,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Health, Maastricht University , Maastricht,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014903437","display_name":"Dorit Nitzan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4280-2939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4280-2939"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorit Nitzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072029832","display_name":"Charlotte Marchandise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-0764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-0764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155949","display_name":"European Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxne691","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte Marchandise","raw_affiliation_strings":["EUPHA , Utrecht,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EUPHA , Utrecht,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045535991","display_name":"Ricardo Mex\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-7940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-7940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142220","display_name":"National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge","ror":"https://ror.org/03mx8d427","country_code":"PT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117458","https://openalex.org/I4210142220","https://openalex.org/I4210157859"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Mexia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068067014","display_name":"Emilia Arag\u00f3n de Le\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4549-7220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4549-7220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099008","display_name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe","ror":"https://ror.org/01rz37c55","country_code":"DK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099008","https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilia Aragon de Leon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064409461","display_name":"Alison Katherine McCallum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-2130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-2130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105332","display_name":"Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region","ror":"https://ror.org/01fen8d67","country_code":"BE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105332"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison McCallum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) , Brussels,","University of Edinburgh Centre for Population Health Sciences, , Edinburgh,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) , Brussels,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh Centre for Population Health Sciences, , Edinburgh,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123680090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273","https://openalex.org/I4210105332"],"apc_list":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"apc_paid":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-communication","display_name":"evidence communication","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persuasive-communication","display_name":"persuasive communication","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forum-theatre","display_name":"forum theatre","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-health-organization","display_name":"World Health Organization","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-professionals","display_name":"public health workforce","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-polarization","display_name":"political polarization","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivated-reasoning","display_name":"motivated reasoning","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-appeal","display_name":"emotional appeal","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-advocacy","display_name":"public health advocacy","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateral-governance","display_name":"multilateral governance","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-sovereignty","display_name":"state sovereignty","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-workforce-training","display_name":"public health workforce training","score":0.3149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2378000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2321999967098236}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13230487","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13230487/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13230487/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eur J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41574834","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41574834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125531082.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125531082.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790166049","https://openalex.org/W3016902371","https://openalex.org/W3097590906","https://openalex.org/W3193988084","https://openalex.org/W4206236567","https://openalex.org/W4387494568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394621652","https://openalex.org/W4285394280","https://openalex.org/W3210016497","https://openalex.org/W2615285228","https://openalex.org/W3175489232","https://openalex.org/W4312191716","https://openalex.org/W823915280","https://openalex.org/W7037509420","https://openalex.org/W4386656778","https://openalex.org/W3160597358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,234],"a":[1,39,54,63,213,235,252,345,485,760,766],"workshop":[2,335,615,832],"at":[3,484],"the":[4,73,125,134,146,170,182,190,254,266,337,342,348,359,376,453,467,473,494,617,673,684,715,726,736,782,786,797,839,870,901],"European":[5],"Public":[6,841],"Health":[7],"conference":[8],"2025,":[9],"we":[10,136,246,508,520,689,695,859,886,911],"deployed":[11],"forum":[12],"theatre":[13],"alongside":[14],"traditional":[15],"presentations":[16],"to":[17,25,37,43,49,110,117,142,199,204,224,313,339,380,491,501,546,588,619,624,634,692,697,700,753,769,819,888,906,931],"examine":[18],"our":[19,393,511,527,555,621,642,790,890,920,933],"ability":[20],"as":[21,51,434,531,593],"public":[22,34,40,154,201,349,497,504,533,611,635,676,685,903],"health":[23,35,41,155,202,350,416,498,505,534,561,586,612,636,686,792,842,904],"professionals":[24,499,691,843],"communicate":[26],"evidence":[27,206,540],"informed,":[28],"practical":[29],"messages":[30,587,934],"that":[31,82,94,138,195,284,324,361,392,403,431,564,670,734,755,794,826,942],"foreground":[32],"protecting":[33,200],"and":[36,59,78,101,114,121,144,219,268,275,289,299,307,328,368,421,426,457,465,478,515,544,573,600,714,731,738,775,802,805,807,822,836,847,880,894,916,925,928],"convince":[38],"audience":[42,152,159],"support":[44,145,163,975],"them.":[45],"Participants":[46],"were":[47,107,131,962,970],"asked":[48],"intervene":[50],"participators":[52],"in":[53,62,181,452,455,554,610,646,668,706,772,850,964,974],"staged":[55],"debate":[56],"between":[57],"pro-WHO":[58,67,377],"anti-WHO":[60,74,147,353,479],"politicians":[61],"fictional":[64],"parliament.":[65],"The":[66,129,157,352,614,865,939],"side":[68,75,148,257],"used":[69,76],"evidence-based":[70,178,228,851],"arguments,":[71,80],"whereas":[72],"misinformation":[77,216,272,325,363,718,741,780,873],"populist":[79,220],"claiming":[81],"WHO":[83,432,757],"is":[84,222,326,566,751,758,867],"distant,":[85],"politicised,":[86],"unaccountable,":[87],"hides":[88],"information":[89],"from":[90],"\u2018ordinary":[91],"people\u2019,":[92],"suggesting":[93],"national":[95,440,649],"sovereignty":[96],"should":[97],"replace":[98],"global":[99,415,437,488,547,625,663,773,808],"cooperation":[100,483,626,774],"multilateral":[102,777],"governance.":[103,778],"These":[104,459,549],"inaccurate":[105],"arguments":[106,127,378],"deliberately":[108],"framed":[109],"evoke":[111],"identity,":[112,306,464,637],"frustration,":[113,463],"distrust\u2014features":[115],"known":[116],"increase":[118,571,598],"persuasive":[119,208,560],"power":[120],"limit":[122],"scrutiny":[123],"of":[124,153,186,243,344,347,470,529,740,744,765,789,800,872,937,947,976],"underpinning":[126,717],"[1].":[128,320],"results":[130],"striking.":[132],"During":[133],"workshop,":[135],"observed":[137,194],"it":[139,311,357,750,784],"was":[140],"easier":[141,223],"follow":[143],"even":[149,196,230,315],"for":[150,164,231,406,503,629,728,838],"an":[151,435,523],"professionals.":[156],"first":[158],"vote":[160],"favoured":[161],"withdrawing":[162],"WHO.":[165],"Many":[166,743],"participants":[167],"initially":[168],"found":[169,283],"emotionally":[171],"based,":[172],"anti-evidence":[173],"narrative":[174,354,569,708,929],"more":[175,287,417,656],"compelling":[176],"than":[177,226,292],"arguments.":[179],"Reactions":[180],"room\u2014laughter,":[183],"nodding,":[184],"murmurs":[185],"agreement\u2014suggested":[187],"alignment":[188,369],"with":[189,248,270,370,513,641,672,856,923],"dissenting":[191],"side.":[192],"We":[193,401,678,898],"those":[197],"committed":[198],"struggled":[203],"translate":[205],"into":[207,919],"messages.":[209,622],"This":[210,389,411,658,703,949],"experiment":[211],"exposed":[212],"critical":[214],"problem:":[215],"spreads":[217],"easily,":[218],"disinformation":[221],"promulgate":[225],"careful,":[227],"messages,":[229],"expert":[232,542],"communicators.":[233],"world":[236],"where":[237],"anything":[238],"can":[239],"be":[240,381,632,655,892],"said,":[241],"regardless":[242],"its":[244,875],"truth,":[245],"struggle":[247,500],"limited":[249],"resources":[250],"against":[251,581],"well-resourced":[253],"other":[255],"non-evidence-based":[256],"tactics.":[258,897],"Our":[259,334,831],"findings":[260],"are":[261,472,606,844,860,944],"supported":[262],"by":[263,295,423],"others,":[264],"demonstrating":[265],"speed":[267,737],"efficiency":[269],"which":[271,471],"spreads.":[273],"Vosoughi":[274],"colleagues,":[276],"examining":[277],"over":[278,829],"126":[279],"000":[280],"Twitter":[281],"cascades,":[282],"falsehoods":[285],"reach":[286],"people":[288],"diffuse":[290],"faster":[291],"truths,":[293],"driven":[294],"novelty,":[296],"emotional":[297,366,877],"arousal,":[298],"cognitive":[300],"biases":[301],"[2].":[302],"Misinformation":[303],"exploits":[304],"heuristics,":[305],"motivated":[308],"reasoning,":[309],"making":[310],"resistant":[312],"correction":[314],"among":[316,506],"highly":[317,329],"educated":[318],"individuals":[319],"Systematic":[321],"reviews":[322],"confirm":[323],"widespread":[327],"engaging":[330],"across":[331,449],"platforms":[332],"[3].":[333],"brought":[336],"literature":[338],"life":[340],"through":[341],"experience":[343,390],"microcosm":[346],"workforce.":[351,687],"succeeded":[355],"because":[356,413],"adopted":[358],"features":[360],"make":[362],"effective:":[364],"simplicity,":[365,879],"appeal,":[367],"broader":[371,767],"cultural":[372],"narratives.":[373],"By":[374],"contrast,":[375],"tended":[379],"technical,":[382],"institutional,":[383],"or":[384,442,596,627,651,959,972],"abstract\u2014accurate":[385],"but":[386,552,638,665,763,874],"less":[387,640],"resonant.":[388],"demonstrated":[391],"communication":[394,535,562,681],"remains":[395],"structured":[396],"around":[397],"evidence,":[398,913],"not":[399,607,660,759,868],"persuasion.":[400],"assume":[402],"facts":[404],"speak":[405],"themselves.":[407],"They":[408],"do":[409,701],"not.":[410],"matters":[412],"WHO\u2014and":[414],"broadly\u2014is":[418],"increasingly":[419],"targeted":[420],"attacked":[422],"politicised":[424],"narratives":[425,460,825],"bad":[427],"faith":[428],"actors.":[429],"Claims":[430],"acts":[433],"overreaching":[436],"authority,":[438],"restricts":[439],"autonomy,":[441],"operates":[443],"under":[444],"hidden":[445],"influence":[446],"have":[447],"increased":[448],"political":[450,824,917],"movements":[451],"US,":[454],"Europe":[456],"beyond.":[458],"exploit":[461],"inequity,":[462],"distrust,":[466],"root":[468],"causes":[469],"same":[474],"actors":[475],"promoting":[476],"weak":[477],"rhetoric,":[480],"undermining":[481],"international":[482,798],"time":[486],"when":[487,854],"threats\u2014from":[489],"pandemics":[490],"climate":[492],"change\u2014require":[493],"opposite.":[495],"If":[496,688],"advocate":[502],"themselves,":[507],"must":[509,521,679],"change":[510],"relationships":[512],"policymakers":[514],"communities.":[516],"To":[517,883],"respond":[518],"effectively,":[519],"confront":[522],"uncomfortable":[524],"reality:":[525],"despite":[526],"perception":[528],"ourselves":[530],"advocates,":[532],"has":[536],"long":[537],"relied":[538],"on":[539,559,796,900],"summaries,":[541],"consensus,":[543],"appeals":[545],"solidarity.":[548,830],"remain":[550,747],"essential,":[551],"insufficient":[553],"polarized":[556],"world.":[557],"Research":[558],"shows":[563],"framing":[565],"important":[567,752],"[4],":[568],"strategies":[570],"comprehension":[572],"reduce":[574],"resistance,":[575],"while":[576],"prebunking":[577],"techniques":[578],"build":[579],"resilience":[580],"manipulation":[582],"[4].":[583,719],"Values-based":[584],"framing\u2014linking":[585],"widely":[589],"held":[590],"principles":[591],"such":[592],"fairness,":[594],"security,":[595],"autonomy\u2014can":[597],"trust":[599,771],"engagement":[601],"[5].":[602],"Yet":[603],"these":[604,745],"approaches":[605],"systematically":[608],"embedded":[609],"practice.":[613,852],"highlighted":[616],"need":[618,696,727,887],"reframe":[620],"Appeals":[623],"\u201chealth":[628],"all,\u201d":[630],"may":[631,654],"central":[633],"resonate":[639],"audiences.":[643],"Messages":[644],"grounded":[645],"personal":[647],"relevance,":[648],"interest,":[650],"community":[652,905],"well-being":[653],"effective.":[657],"does":[659],"require":[661],"abandoning":[662],"values":[664,924],"articulating":[666],"them":[667,699],"ways":[669],"connect":[671],"concerns":[674],"shaping":[675],"opinion.":[677],"strengthen":[680],"capacities":[682,746],"within":[683],"expect":[690],"counter":[693,884],"misinformation,":[694],"prepare":[698],"so.":[702],"includes":[704],"training":[705],"framing,":[707],"construction,":[709],"rapid":[710],"response,":[711],"debating":[712],"skills,":[713],"factors":[716],"WHO\u2019s":[720],"own":[721],"infodemic":[722],"management":[723],"agenda":[724],"underscores":[725],"tools,":[729],"methodologies,":[730],"workforce":[732],"competencies":[733],"match":[735],"scale":[739],"[6].":[742],"underdeveloped.":[748],"Finally,":[749],"recognise":[754],"defending":[756],"one-time":[761],"task":[762],"part":[764],"effort":[768],"safeguard":[770],"non-partisan":[776],"When":[779],"undermines":[781],"WHO,":[783],"risks":[785],"smooth":[787],"running":[788],"local":[791],"systems,":[793],"rely":[795],"classification":[799],"disease":[801],"death,":[803],"medicines":[804],"technologies":[806],"professional":[809],"standards.":[810],"It":[811],"also":[812],"weakens":[813],"pandemic":[814],"preparedness,":[815],"disrupts":[816],"coordinated":[817],"responses":[818],"cross-border":[820],"incidents,":[821],"fuels":[823],"prioritise":[827],"isolation":[828],"provided":[833],"situational":[834],"awareness":[835],"lessons":[837],"future.":[840],"committed,":[845],"knowledgeable,":[846],"deeply":[848],"invested":[849],"Yet,":[853],"confronted":[855],"misinformation\u2019s":[857],"tactics,":[858],"too":[861],"often":[862],"out":[863],"communicated.":[864],"threat":[866],"only":[869],"content":[871],"methods:":[876],"resonance,":[878],"strategic":[881],"framing.":[882],"this,":[885],"re-evaluate":[889],"approaches,":[891,930],"innovative":[893],"consider":[895],"alternative":[896],"call":[899],"wider":[902],"help":[907],"us":[908],"re-think":[909],"how":[910],"present":[912],"integrate":[914],"behavioural":[915],"science":[918],"communications,":[921],"engage":[922],"adopt":[926],"visual":[927],"get":[932],"across.":[935],"Conflict":[936],"interest:":[938],"authors":[940],"declare":[941],"there":[943],"no":[945,952,957],"conflicts":[946],"interest.":[948],"work":[950],"received":[951],"funding.":[953],"Not":[954],"applicable":[955],"(as":[956],"human":[958],"animal":[960],"subjects":[961],"involved":[963],"this":[965,977],"editorial).":[966],"No":[967],"new":[968],"data":[969],"generated":[971],"analysed":[973],"editorial.":[978]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-01-24T00:00:00"}