{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125530516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-026-04182-6","title":"Tracing Potentially Toxic Metals from Water to Soil, Maize, and Cow Milk: Food Chain Risks and Safety Concerns","display_name":"Tracing Potentially Toxic Metals from Water to Soil, Maize, and Cow Milk: Food Chain Risks and Safety Concerns","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125530516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-026-04182-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41575588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00128-026-04182-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-026-04182-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-026-04182-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106502101","display_name":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","issn_l":"0007-4861","issn":["0007-4861","1432-0800"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059462885","display_name":"Kafeel Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-074X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-074X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155012","display_name":"Baba Guru Nanak University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zynmr34","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155012"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kafeel Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Baba Guru Nanank University, Nankana Sahib, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Baba Guru Nanank University, Nankana Sahib, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123644300","display_name":"Mashal Maqsood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mashal Maqsood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024814669","display_name":"Zafar Iqbal Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5813-1378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5813-1378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zafar Iqbal Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001423452","display_name":"Asma Ashfaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8677-2305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8677-2305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Ashfaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123725371","display_name":"Mutiya Zafar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mutiya Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015033159","display_name":"Mazhar Iqbal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazhar Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046657905","display_name":"Ijaz Rasool Noorka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ijaz Rasool Noorka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080664699","display_name":"Hafsa Memona","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafsa Memona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Queen Mary College, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Queen Mary College, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068036991","display_name":"Farzana Siddique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-2494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-2494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzana Siddique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Food and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Food and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002287612","display_name":"\u0130lker U\u011fulu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-6575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-6575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204585392","display_name":"Usak University","ror":"https://ror.org/05es91y67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilker Ugulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey. ilkerugulu@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-6575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey. ilkerugulu@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002287612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"],"apc_list":{"value":3990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76408912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"116","issue":"2","first_page":"29","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13079","display_name":"Heavy Metals in Plants","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12944","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Health","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potentially-toxic-metals","display_name":"potentially toxic metals","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-transfer","display_name":"heavy metal transfer","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-chain","display_name":"food chain","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cow-s-milk","display_name":"cow's milk","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-water","display_name":"irrigation water","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-contamination","display_name":"soil contamination","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"copper","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioconcentration-factor","display_name":"bioconcentration factor","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contamination-factor","display_name":"contamination factor","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-risk-assessment","display_name":"health risk assessment","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety","display_name":"food safety","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-risk","display_name":"public health risk","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61952481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904036","display_name":"Bioconcentration","level":3,"score":0.7843000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155373166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159462","display_name":"Food chain","level":2,"score":0.7710999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.6730999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115346097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412144","display_name":"Ecotoxicology","level":2,"score":0.5989000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781128717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133884","display_name":"Transfer factor","level":2,"score":0.4997999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34135077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511075","display_name":"Food contaminant","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33619061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655346","display_name":"Atomic absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516717267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909821","display_name":"Food safety","level":2,"score":0.45719999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779794483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk assessment","level":3,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8139548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304799","display_name":"Biomagnification","level":3,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779310815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5379521","display_name":"Enrichment factor","level":3,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778566039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7831165","display_name":"Trace metal","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65580899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734","display_name":"Soil contamination","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181389837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809","display_name":"Bioavailability","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97053079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water supply","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909722689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734","display_name":"Soil Pollutants","level":4,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020387","descriptor_name":"Food Chain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020387","descriptor_name":"Food Chain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020387","descriptor_name":"Food Chain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020387","descriptor_name":"Food Chain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020387","descriptor_name":"Food Chain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020387","descriptor_name":"Food Chain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020387","descriptor_name":"Food Chain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020387","descriptor_name":"Food Chain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020387","descriptor_name":"Food Chain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00128-026-04182-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-026-04182-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-026-04182-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106502101","display_name":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","issn_l":"0007-4861","issn":["0007-4861","1432-0800"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41575588","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41575588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.43301352858543396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549552139","https://openalex.org/W1964025548","https://openalex.org/W2020773873","https://openalex.org/W2055400016","https://openalex.org/W2077579499","https://openalex.org/W2090345409","https://openalex.org/W2142703689","https://openalex.org/W2166371065","https://openalex.org/W2279623942","https://openalex.org/W2295482244","https://openalex.org/W2524276051","https://openalex.org/W2768886253","https://openalex.org/W2886381499","https://openalex.org/W2916661721","https://openalex.org/W2919629449","https://openalex.org/W2947361825","https://openalex.org/W2953351353","https://openalex.org/W2955718716","https://openalex.org/W2971231276","https://openalex.org/W2981621407","https://openalex.org/W3008846344","https://openalex.org/W3016102018","https://openalex.org/W3036995369","https://openalex.org/W3044168675","https://openalex.org/W3081083483","https://openalex.org/W3098679076","https://openalex.org/W3112853820","https://openalex.org/W3120897008","https://openalex.org/W3122750473","https://openalex.org/W3146906900","https://openalex.org/W4206615798","https://openalex.org/W4283171640","https://openalex.org/W4292315881","https://openalex.org/W4295886845","https://openalex.org/W4313824086","https://openalex.org/W4387301577","https://openalex.org/W4391219186","https://openalex.org/W4408389654"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-24T09:50:30.924529","created_date":"2026-01-24T00:00:00"}