{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125517215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501399928251216164517","title":"Targeting InhA for Tuberculosis Therapy: A Review of Recent Advances in Enzyme Inhibition and Drug Development","display_name":"Targeting InhA for Tuberculosis Therapy: A Review of Recent Advances in Enzyme Inhibition and Drug Development","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125517215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501399928251216164517","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41572760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/0113894501399928251216164517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501399928251216164517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501399928251216164517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140884253","display_name":"Current Drug Targets","issn_l":"1389-4501","issn":["1389-4501","1873-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123639872","display_name":"Sai Nikhil Parigi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1556-0051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1556-0051"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Nikhil Parigi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1556-0051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060112959","display_name":"Girish Thunga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girish Thunga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016439893","display_name":"Varadaraj G. Bhat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7910-1047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7910-1047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Varadaraj Bhat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7910-1047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016439893"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05291167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"8","first_page":"513","last_page":"528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10252","display_name":"Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inha","display_name":"InhA","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enoyl-acyl-carrier-protein-reductase","display_name":"FabI","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-drug-development","display_name":"tuberculosis drug development","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-inhibition","display_name":"enzyme inhibition","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistance","display_name":"drug resistance","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bedaquiline","display_name":"bedaquiline","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delamanid","display_name":"delamanid","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrazinamide","display_name":"pyrazinamide","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoniazid","display_name":"isoniazid","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacophore-design","display_name":"pharmacophore design","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-drug-design","display_name":"computer-aided drug design","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-line-anti-tuberculosis-drugs","display_name":"second-line antituberculosis drugs","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780687663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18027924","display_name":"INHA","level":4,"score":0.9751999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.6783999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56173144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539893","display_name":"Pharmacophore","level":2,"score":0.6632999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.6608999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.5766000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779715943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427492","display_name":"Enzyme inhibition","level":3,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076722","descriptor_name":"Drug Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000995","descriptor_name":"Antitubercular Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000995","descriptor_name":"Antitubercular Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000995","descriptor_name":"Antitubercular Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004791","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004791","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004791","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007265","descriptor_name":"Inhibins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010088","descriptor_name":"Oxidoreductases","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010088","descriptor_name":"Oxidoreductases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010088","descriptor_name":"Oxidoreductases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055808","descriptor_name":"Drug Discovery","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/0113894501399928251216164517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501399928251216164517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501399928251216164517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140884253","display_name":"Current Drug Targets","issn_l":"1389-4501","issn":["1389-4501","1873-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41572760","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41572760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current drug targets","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5059487223625183}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963784214","https://openalex.org/W1993796017","https://openalex.org/W2010148230","https://openalex.org/W2044220325","https://openalex.org/W2046928094","https://openalex.org/W2060845508","https://openalex.org/W2064905408","https://openalex.org/W2119738836","https://openalex.org/W2128328044","https://openalex.org/W2135193803","https://openalex.org/W2260118111","https://openalex.org/W2297065754","https://openalex.org/W2499795548","https://openalex.org/W2539725443","https://openalex.org/W2574984917","https://openalex.org/W2585492454","https://openalex.org/W2742594754","https://openalex.org/W2752311711","https://openalex.org/W2754113952","https://openalex.org/W2757073014","https://openalex.org/W2767137456","https://openalex.org/W2793578889","https://openalex.org/W2795530312","https://openalex.org/W2809341244","https://openalex.org/W2885431166","https://openalex.org/W2900828105","https://openalex.org/W2920760721","https://openalex.org/W2948823581","https://openalex.org/W2972562623","https://openalex.org/W2990124633","https://openalex.org/W3037715726","https://openalex.org/W3048826987","https://openalex.org/W3108913263","https://openalex.org/W3201744865","https://openalex.org/W3205233985","https://openalex.org/W4213363826","https://openalex.org/W4224314825","https://openalex.org/W4281480165","https://openalex.org/W4282827043","https://openalex.org/W4282916608","https://openalex.org/W4291493980","https://openalex.org/W4295926209","https://openalex.org/W4310676103","https://openalex.org/W4312191171","https://openalex.org/W4313362533","https://openalex.org/W4324064540","https://openalex.org/W4366088565","https://openalex.org/W4367330853","https://openalex.org/W4384469771","https://openalex.org/W4388083327","https://openalex.org/W4389451393","https://openalex.org/W4389619553","https://openalex.org/W4390457822","https://openalex.org/W4391134213","https://openalex.org/W4391948861","https://openalex.org/W4401396037","https://openalex.org/W4403586813","https://openalex.org/W4408913621"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mycobacterium":[0],"Tuberculosis":[1],"(Mtb)":[2],"is":[3,85,227],"developing":[4],"resistance":[5],"to":[6,27,102,185,190],"available":[7],"antibiotics,":[8],"posing":[9],"new":[10],"challenges":[11],"and":[12,31,42,46,60,69,110,121,128,143,202,224,244,247,268,274,280],"making":[13],"first-line":[14],"drugs":[15],"(Isoniazid,":[16],"ethambutol,":[17],"pyrazinamide)":[18],"ineffective.":[19],"Second-line":[20],"medications":[21],"are":[22,72],"also":[23],"losing":[24],"effectiveness":[25],"due":[26],"their":[28,203,248],"high":[29],"toxicity":[30],"limited":[32],"availability,":[33],"necessitating":[34],"more":[35],"advanced":[36],"treatment":[37],"in":[38,171,222],"modern":[39],"drug":[40],"discovery":[41,112],"development.":[43],"Tiliacorinine,":[44],"2'-nortiliacorinine,":[45],"griselimycin,":[47],"derived":[48],"from":[49,153,183,261,272],"natural":[50],"sources,":[51],"paved":[52],"the":[53,56,86,89,95,154,180,194,239,252,265],"way":[54],"for":[55,76],"development":[57],"of":[58,81,88,107,147,157,254],"compounds":[59],"approved":[61],"drugs,":[62,109],"such":[63],"as":[64],"bedaquiline,":[65],"delamanid,":[66],"pyrifazimine,":[67],"proteomandid,":[68],"telacebec,":[70],"which":[71,158,175],"currently":[73],"under":[74],"review":[75,234],"use.":[77],"The":[78,163,187],"primary":[79],"outcome":[80],"this":[82,255],"worldwide":[83],"endeavour":[84],"breakthrough":[87],"late-stage":[90],"T.B.":[91,108],"medication":[92],"pipeline":[93,106],"into":[94],"clinics.":[96],"Fundamental":[97],"research":[98,271],"must":[99,114],"be":[100,115,198],"supported":[101],"maintain":[103],"a":[104,219,236],"robust":[105],"early-stage":[111],"work":[113],"pursued.":[116],"Understanding":[117],"pathophysiology,":[118],"enzyme":[119,208],"structure,":[120],"function":[122],"helps":[123],"identify":[124],"novel":[125],"therapeutic":[126,130],"targets":[127,201,281],"associated":[129],"approaches.":[131],"A":[132,145],"comprehensive":[133],"literature":[134],"search":[135],"was":[136],"conducted":[137],"across":[138,229],"PubMed":[139],"Central,":[140],"MEDLINE,":[141],"Scopus,":[142],"Embase.":[144],"total":[146],"893":[148],"studies":[149,164],"have":[150,283],"been":[151,284],"retrieved":[152],"databases.":[155],"Out":[156],"150":[159],"duplicates":[160],"were":[161,165],"removed.":[162],"included":[166],"based":[167],"on":[168,179,193,238],"InhA":[169,210,212],"targeted":[170],"TB,":[172],"\"in-silico\"":[173],"studies,":[174],"performed":[176],"biological":[177],"activity":[178],"molecules":[181],"published":[182],"2015":[184],"date.":[186],"futuristic":[188],"approach":[189],"treating":[191],"tuberculosis":[192],"ground":[195],"level":[196],"could":[197],"identifying":[199],"potential":[200],"pharmacophores.":[204],"We":[205,258],"selected":[206],"an":[207],"called":[209],"because":[211],"(enoyl":[213],"acyl":[214],"carrier":[215],"protein":[216],"reductase)":[217],"plays":[218],"crucial":[220],"role":[221],"metabolism,":[223],"its":[225],"sequence":[226],"conserved":[228],"numerous":[230],"bacterial":[231],"species.":[232],"This":[233],"provides":[235],"brief":[237],"design,":[240],"synthesis,":[241],"protein,":[242],"activity,":[243],"pharmacophore":[245],"moieties":[246],"substitutions":[249],"that":[250,263,282],"cause":[251],"inhibition":[253],"versatile":[256],"target.":[257],"verified":[259],"publications":[260],"2013":[262],"explore":[264],"same":[266],"topic":[267],"reviewed":[269],"chemistry-related":[270],"Elsevier":[273],"other":[275],"publishers,":[276],"including":[277],"future":[278],"directions":[279],"available.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2026-01-24T00:00:00"}