{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125111160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","title":"Invisible Threats to Food Security: Analysis of Dithiocarbamate Residues in Foods Consumed in Brazil (2001\u20132023)","display_name":"Invisible Threats to Food Security: Analysis of Dithiocarbamate Residues in Foods Consumed in Brazil (2001\u20132023)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125111160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals5010005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3145/5/1/5/pdf?version=1768960392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282454","display_name":"Agrochemicals","issn_l":"2813-3145","issn":["2813-3145"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agrochemicals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3145/5/1/5/pdf?version=1768960392","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106930119","display_name":"Yan Lucas Leite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2567-2123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2567-2123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118133","display_name":"Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri","ror":"https://ror.org/02gen2282","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118133"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Lucas Leite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Una\u00ed 38617-501, MG, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2567-2123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Una\u00ed 38617-501, MG, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118133"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106930120","display_name":"Eliz\u00e2ngela Aparecida dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-3164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-3164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118133","display_name":"Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri","ror":"https://ror.org/02gen2282","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118133"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eliz\u00e2ngela Aparecida dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Una\u00ed 38617-501, MG, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-3164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Una\u00ed 38617-501, MG, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118133"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106930119","https://openalex.org/A5106930120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118133"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02849021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11423","display_name":"Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11423","display_name":"Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13165","display_name":"Agricultural safety and regulations","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dithiocarbamate-fungicides","display_name":"dithiocarbamate fungicides","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-residues","display_name":"pesticide residues","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety","display_name":"food safety","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-residue-limits","display_name":"maximum residue limits","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/papaya","display_name":"papaya","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lettuce","display_name":"lettuce","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strawberry","display_name":"strawberry","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrot","display_name":"carrot","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guava","display_name":"guava","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pineapple","display_name":"pineapple","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweet-potato","display_name":"Ipomoea batatas","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-compliance","display_name":"regulatory compliance","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106848363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118259","display_name":"Pesticide residue","level":3,"score":0.8312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781338088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903495","display_name":"Residue (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.661300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777545050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5217682","display_name":"Dithiocarbamate","level":2,"score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.5455999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34135077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511075","display_name":"Food contaminant","level":2,"score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.5044999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74600772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193237","display_name":"Fungicide","level":2,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516717267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909821","display_name":"Food safety","level":2,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991878520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664183","display_name":"Consumer safety","level":2,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779675693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241116","display_name":"Maximum Residue Limit","level":4,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987718291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2095","display_name":"Food products","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188402356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318169","display_name":"Good agricultural practice","level":5,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198408306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008388","display_name":"Exposure assessment","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3145/5/1/5/pdf?version=1768960392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282454","display_name":"Agrochemicals","issn_l":"2813-3145","issn":["2813-3145"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agrochemicals","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24d3433d13a1455f9385ee8d53c63d80","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24d3433d13a1455f9385ee8d53c63d80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agrochemicals, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 5 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals5010005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3145/5/1/5/pdf?version=1768960392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282454","display_name":"Agrochemicals","issn_l":"2813-3145","issn":["2813-3145"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agrochemicals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.7246000170707703,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.622810959815979,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322980","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/00nc55f03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125111160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125111160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996018359","https://openalex.org/W1996639922","https://openalex.org/W2085545697","https://openalex.org/W2622277982","https://openalex.org/W2886378486","https://openalex.org/W3042906049","https://openalex.org/W4287509858","https://openalex.org/W4309750162","https://openalex.org/W4387540213","https://openalex.org/W4389954626","https://openalex.org/W4403968700","https://openalex.org/W4406670774","https://openalex.org/W4407219273","https://openalex.org/W4408106908","https://openalex.org/W4410121878","https://openalex.org/W4410452355","https://openalex.org/W4414554458"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,47],"provides":[2],"a":[3,42,49,202],"comprehensive":[4],"long-term":[5],"assessment":[6],"of":[7,21,52,70,89,110,115,135,208],"dithiocarbamate":[8],"(DTC)":[9],"fungicide":[10],"residues":[11,69,155,210],"in":[12,15,80,101,118,141,177,191],"foods":[13,161],"consumed":[14],"Brazil,":[16],"analyzing":[17],"nearly":[18],"two":[19],"decades":[20],"official":[22],"monitoring":[23],"data":[24],"from":[25,32,103],"the":[26,63,75,85,94,104,108,113,127,160,169,185,206,215],"Pesticide":[27],"Residue":[28],"Analysis":[29],"Program":[30],"(PARA/ANVISA)":[31],"2001":[33],"to":[34,226],"2023.":[35],"By":[36],"integrating":[37],"fragmented":[38],"annual":[39],"reports":[40],"into":[41],"single":[43],"temporal":[44],"framework,":[45],"this":[46,119],"offers":[48],"novel":[50],"evaluation":[51],"detection":[53,77],"frequencies,":[54],"residue":[55,129,180],"levels,":[56],"and":[57,122,147,154,166,179,196,211,222,230],"regulatory":[58,192],"compliance":[59],"over":[60,199],"time.":[61,200],"Of":[62],"21,274":[64],"samples":[65,102],"analyzed,":[66],"23.90%":[67],"contained":[68],"these":[71,116],"fungicides.":[72],"Papaya":[73],"showed":[74,84,93,124],"highest":[76,86,95,170],"frequency":[78],"(92.59%)":[79],"2005,":[81],"while":[82],"apple":[83],"average":[87],"percentage":[88],"detections":[90,153,178],"(51.68%).":[91],"Lettuce":[92],"residual":[96,171],"levels":[97],"(10.05":[98],"mg":[99],"kg\u22121)":[100],"2017\u20132018":[105],"cycle,":[106],"despite":[107],"lack":[109],"authorization":[111],"for":[112,217],"use":[114],"products":[117],"crop.":[120],"Strawberries":[121],"carrots":[123],"concentrations":[125,181],"above":[126],"maximum":[128],"limit":[130],"(MRL),":[131],"with":[132,163],"excesses.":[133],"Residues":[134],"unauthorized":[136,212],"pesticides":[137],"were":[138],"also":[139],"detected":[140],"crops":[142],"such":[143],"as":[144],"guava,":[145],"pineapple,":[146],"sweet":[148],"potato.":[149],"Temporal":[150],"correlations":[151],"between":[152],"indicated":[156],"significant":[157],"variations":[158],"among":[159],"evaluated,":[162],"potatoes,":[164],"strawberries,":[165],"lettuce":[167],"showing":[168],"levels.":[172],"An":[173],"overall":[174],"declining":[175],"trend":[176],"was":[182],"observed":[183],"throughout":[184],"analyzed":[186],"period,":[187],"potentially":[188],"reflecting":[189],"improvements":[190],"oversight,":[193],"agricultural":[194],"practices,":[195],"analytical":[197],"sensitivity":[198],"From":[201],"public":[203],"health":[204],"perspective,":[205],"persistence":[207],"elevated":[209],"uses":[213],"highlights":[214],"need":[216],"continuous":[218],"surveillance,":[219],"strengthened":[220],"enforcement,":[221],"risk":[223],"communication":[224],"strategies":[225],"ensure":[227],"food":[228],"safety":[229],"consumer":[231],"protection.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2026-01-22T00:00:00"}
