{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125097232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","title":"Hormone Receptor Status, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Expression, and Demographic Patterns in Breast Cancer: A Descriptive Study","display_name":"Hormone Receptor Status, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Expression, and Demographic Patterns in Breast Cancer: A Descriptive Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125097232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v19i1.904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","pdf_url":"https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/download/904/1420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394736467","display_name":"Ibom Medical Journal","issn_l":"1597-7188","issn":["1597-7188","2735-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ibom Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/download/904/1420","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123476470","display_name":"Pelemo OE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155186","display_name":"University of Medical Sciences, Ondo","ror":"https://ror.org/00q898q52","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pelemo OE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061546645","display_name":"Atinuke Olu Anjorin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35601441","display_name":"Osun State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e16h982","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154411","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex","ror":"https://ror.org/05bkbs460","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjorin AO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomic Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria","Department of Family Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomic Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154411","https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061546645","display_name":"Atinuke Olu Anjorin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35601441","display_name":"Osun State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e16h982","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154411","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex","ror":"https://ror.org/05bkbs460","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjorin AO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomic Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria","Department of Family Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomic Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154411","https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108142211","display_name":"Titilope Adetoun Bamikefa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-2471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-2471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35601441","display_name":"Osun State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e16h982","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bamikefa TA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096066695","display_name":"Olaofe OO","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olaofe OO","raw_affiliation_strings":["oolaofe@oauife.edu.ng"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"oolaofe@oauife.edu.ng","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11134","display_name":"Breast Lesions and Carcinomas","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10755","display_name":"HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormone-receptor-status","display_name":"hormone receptor status","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estrogen-receptor","display_name":"estrogen receptor","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/progesterone-receptor","display_name":"progesterone receptor","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/her2-overexpression","display_name":"HER2 overexpression","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triple-negative-breast-cancer","display_name":"triple-negative breast cancer","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-subtypes","display_name":"breast cancer subtypes","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-patterns","display_name":"demographic patterns","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-distribution","display_name":"age distribution","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premenopausal-women","display_name":"premenopausal women","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/akure-nigeria","display_name":"Akure, Nigeria","score":0.9120000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.8215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84606932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416496","display_name":"Estrogen receptor","level":4,"score":0.629800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98717036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14872994","display_name":"Progesterone receptor","level":5,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.586899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23589133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412005","display_name":"Hormone receptor","level":4,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.4814000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.4814000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.4805000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777164284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277954","display_name":"Estrogen","level":2,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424401","display_name":"Epidermal growth factor receptor","level":3,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908728163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415271","display_name":"Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2","level":4,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787017","display_name":"Cancer registry","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993002077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Receptor expression","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778001805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189961","display_name":"Mammary gland","level":4,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","pdf_url":"https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/download/904/1420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394736467","display_name":"Ibom Medical Journal","issn_l":"1597-7188","issn":["1597-7188","2735-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ibom Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:175979e054dd4040a2eec0f9f1584a10","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/175979e054dd4040a2eec0f9f1584a10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ibom Medical Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v19i1.904","pdf_url":"https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/download/904/1420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394736467","display_name":"Ibom Medical Journal","issn_l":"1597-7188","issn":["1597-7188","2735-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ibom Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125097232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125097232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400745384","https://openalex.org/W4410015029","https://openalex.org/W7118120013","https://openalex.org/W3129315943","https://openalex.org/W6911710268","https://openalex.org/W3100325518","https://openalex.org/W2769550231","https://openalex.org/W4411277909","https://openalex.org/W4210404057","https://openalex.org/W7167886590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Breast":[1],"cancer":[2,65,82,97,248,265],"is":[3],"a":[4,40,56],"significant":[5],"public":[6],"health":[7],"concern":[8],"globally,":[9],"with":[10,99,243,252,276],"varying":[11],"incidence":[12],"and":[13,31,46,116,124,132,161,185,198,203,205,208,218,239,255,294],"mortality":[14],"rates":[15,280],"across":[16],"different":[17],"regions.":[18],"Hormone":[19],"receptor":[20,26,29,36,61,78,183,189],"status,":[21],"particularly":[22],"that":[23,170],"of":[24,48,59,80,93,106,137,148,155,164,172,193,214,290],"estrogen":[25,182],"(ER),":[27],"progesterone":[28,188],"(PR),":[30],"human":[32],"epidermal":[33],"growth":[34],"factor":[35],"2":[37],"(HER2),":[38],"play":[39],"crucial":[41],"role":[42],"in":[43,63,223,231,236,257],"the":[44,76,104,173,194,224,232,237,268,277,288],"prognosis":[45],"treatment":[47],"breast":[49,64,81,96,247,264],"cancer.":[50],"This":[51,71],"research":[52],"aims":[53],"to":[54,127],"provide":[55],"comprehensive":[57],"understanding":[58],"hormone":[60,77],"status":[62,79,167],"samples":[66,83,150,233],"from":[67,84,90],"Akure,":[68,85,112],"Nigeria.":[69,86],"Methodology:":[70],"retrospective":[72],"cross-sectional":[73],"study":[74],"evaluated":[75],"Data":[87,119],"were":[88,151,158,175,178,181,187,196,201],"obtained":[89],"medical":[91],"records":[92],"histologically":[94],"confirmed":[95],"specimens":[98],"complete":[100],"immunohistochemistry":[101],"reports":[102],"at":[103],"University":[105],"Medical":[107],"Science":[108],"Teaching":[109],"Hospital":[110],"(UNIMEDTH),":[111],"between":[113,130,159],"January":[114],"2021":[115],"December":[117],"2023.":[118],"analysis":[120,168],"employed":[121],"descriptive":[122],"statistics":[123],"inferential":[125],"tests":[126],"explore":[128],"associations":[129],"demographic":[131],"clinical":[133],"variables.":[134],"A":[135,146],"p-value":[136],"less":[138],"than":[139],"0.05":[140],"was":[141,234,249],"deemed":[142],"statistically":[143],"significant.":[144],"Results:":[145],"total":[147],"123":[149],"analysed.":[152],"The":[153,211],"majority":[154],"patients":[156,174,195,258],"(54.5%)":[157],"41":[160],"60":[162],"years":[163,226],"age.":[165],"Receptor":[166],"revealed":[169],"51%":[171,253],"triple-negative,":[176],"26.8%":[177],"HER2-positive,":[179,204,209],"15.4%":[180],"(ER)-positive,":[184],"22%":[186],"(PR)-positive.":[190],"Additionally,":[191],"7.3%":[192],"ER-":[197],"PR-positive,":[199],"2.4%":[200],"PR-":[202],"ER-,":[206],"PR-,":[207],"respectively.":[210],"highest":[212,235,278],"percentage":[213],"ER-positive":[215],"cases":[216,220],"(47.4%)":[217],"PR-positive":[219],"(40.7%)":[221],"appeared":[222],"41\u201350":[225],"age":[227,241],"group.":[228],"HER2":[229],"overexpression":[230],"41\u201350-year-old":[238],"51\u201360-year-old":[240],"groups,":[242],"27.3%":[244],"each.":[245],"Triple-negative":[246,263],"most":[250,269],"common,":[251],"overall":[254],"42.9%":[256],"aged":[259],"41--50":[260],"years.":[261],"Conclusion:":[262],"emerged":[266],"as":[267],"prevalent":[270],"subtype,":[271],"followed":[272],"by":[273],"HER2-positive":[274],"cases,":[275],"receptor-positive":[279],"observed":[281],"among":[282],"premenopausal":[283],"women.":[284],"These":[285],"findings":[286],"underscore":[287],"importance":[289],"implementing":[291],"targeted":[292],"diagnostic":[293],"therapeutic":[295],"strategies":[296],"for":[297],"this":[298],"population.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2026-01-22T00:00:00"}
