{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124916611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","title":"Efficient AI-driven allegation screening: A case study of Thailand\u2019s National Anti-Corruption Commission","display_name":"Efficient AI-driven allegation screening: A case study of Thailand\u2019s National Anti-Corruption Commission","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124916611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41557680","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12818598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0338633&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0338633&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060736380","display_name":"Issara Sereewatthanawut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-928X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-928X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131721959","display_name":"Bangkokthonburi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrcma38","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131721959"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Issara Sereewatthanawut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bangkokthonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand","King Prajadhipok's Institute, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-928X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bangkokthonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131721959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Prajadhipok's Institute, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123392018","display_name":"Patipan Sriphon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patipan Sriphon","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Prajadhipok's Institute, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Prajadhipok's Institute, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123437927","display_name":"Pattrawut Khunwipusit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pattrawut Khunwipusit","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Prajadhipok's Institute, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Prajadhipok's Institute, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065039124","display_name":"Babatunde Oluwaseun Ajayi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-1818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-1818"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babatunde Oluwaseun Ajayi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Prajadhipok's Institute, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-1818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Prajadhipok's Institute, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037877469","display_name":"Ademola Enitan Ilesanmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1193-9932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1193-9932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ademola Enitan Ilesanmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123374031","display_name":"Jutarat Suwaree","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801080794","display_name":"Government of Thailand","ror":"https://ror.org/05fp08r12","country_code":"TH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801080794"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jutarat Suwaree","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the National Anti-Corruption Commission, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the National Anti-Corruption Commission, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801080794"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023415151","display_name":"Wonlop Writthym Buachoom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-612X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-612X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91538806","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonlop Writthym Buachoom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-612X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060736380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131721959"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":36.8686,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99565751,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"e0338633","last_page":"e0338633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.5195000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.5195000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.2304999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.15870000422000885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-corruption-agencies","display_name":"anti-corruption agencies","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-anti-corruption-commission","display_name":"National Anti-Corruption Commission","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thailand","display_name":"Thailand","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"optical character recognition","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"natural language processing","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration-accountability","display_name":"public administration accountability","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-governance","display_name":"digital governance","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/responsible-ai-adoption","display_name":"responsible AI adoption","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-ai","display_name":"public sector AI","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.792900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780838233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836925","display_name":"Complaint","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780858551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3824105","display_name":"Misappropriation","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776811425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2839009","display_name":"Allegation","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780526558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345314","display_name":"Good governance","level":3,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29143872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876690","display_name":"Business process reengineering","level":3,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26489999890327454}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098403","descriptor_name":"Intelligent Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013785","descriptor_name":"Thailand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0338633&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12818598","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41557680/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12818598/pdf/pone.0338633.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41557680","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41557680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b7871513a034ec38eb098390f2fdd99","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b7871513a034ec38eb098390f2fdd99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 21, Iss 1, p e0338633 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338633","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0338633&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322817","display_name":"National Research Council of Thailand","ror":"https://ror.org/018wfhg78"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124916611.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124916611.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001642682","https://openalex.org/W2536769020","https://openalex.org/W2884686506","https://openalex.org/W2955156490","https://openalex.org/W3025357552","https://openalex.org/W3029431769","https://openalex.org/W3092062036","https://openalex.org/W4302287407","https://openalex.org/W4388827078","https://openalex.org/W4391890021","https://openalex.org/W4392563719","https://openalex.org/W4400278421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154791781","https://openalex.org/W7212369599","https://openalex.org/W7165558881","https://openalex.org/W7215171020","https://openalex.org/W7163818383","https://openalex.org/W7119170766","https://openalex.org/W7164892750","https://openalex.org/W7214107054","https://openalex.org/W7207743369","https://openalex.org/W7171672180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"screening":[1,51],"of":[2,52,106,112,140,179],"corruption":[3,53],"allegations":[4],"is":[5],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,206],"promoting":[8],"accountability":[9,222],"and":[10,28,39,73,81,110,114,126,142,173,181,203,208,215],"transparency":[11],"in":[12,165,185],"public":[13,186],"administration.":[14],"However,":[15],"many":[16],"institutions":[17],"still":[18],"rely":[19],"on":[20,196],"manual":[21,157],"processes":[22],"that":[23],"are":[24],"prone":[25],"to":[26,47,77,155,192,211],"inefficiency":[27],"inconsistency.":[29],"As":[30],"AI":[31,183,218],"gains":[32],"traction":[33],"across":[34],"sectors,":[35],"this":[36],"study":[37,190],"develops":[38],"evaluates":[40],"an":[41,104],"artificial":[42],"intelligence":[43],"(AI)-powered":[44],"prototype":[45],"designed":[46],"support":[48],"the":[49,120,129,133,177,193],"preliminary":[50],"complaints":[54],"at":[55,128],"Thailand's":[56],"National":[57],"Anti-Corruption":[58],"Commission":[59],"(NACC).":[60],"The":[61,100,159],"proposed":[62],"system":[63,121],"integrates":[64],"Optical":[65],"Character":[66],"Recognition":[67],"(OCR),":[68],"Natural":[69],"Language":[70],"Processing":[71],"(NLP),":[72],"machine":[74],"learning":[75],"techniques":[76],"automate":[78],"document":[79],"handling":[80],"improve":[82],"workflows.":[83],"A":[84],"mixed-methods":[85],"research":[86],"approach":[87],"was":[88],"adopted,":[89],"combining":[90],"institutional":[91,221],"process":[92],"analysis":[93],"with":[94,108],"a":[95,137],"comprehensive":[96],"technical":[97],"performance":[98],"assessment.":[99],"OCR":[101],"module":[102],"achieved":[103],"F1-score":[105],"81.8%,":[107],"precision":[109],"recall":[111],"84.2%":[113],"79.6%,":[115],"respectively.":[116],"For":[117],"printed":[118],"text,":[119],"attained":[122],"72%":[123],"word-level":[124],"accuracy":[125,139],"78%":[127],"character":[130],"level.":[131],"Additionally,":[132],"integrated":[134],"framework":[135],"demonstrated":[136],"classification":[138],"57.5%":[141],"significantly":[143],"improved":[144],"operational":[145],"efficiency,":[146],"reducing":[147],"average":[148],"complaint":[149],"processing":[150],"time":[151],"by":[152,199],"78.6%":[153],"compared":[154],"traditional":[156],"methods.":[158],"findings":[160],"highlight":[161],"AI's":[162],"transformative":[163],"potential":[164],"enhancing":[166],"anti-corruption":[167],"efforts":[168],"through":[169],"increased":[170],"speed,":[171],"accuracy,":[172],"consistency.":[174],"They":[175],"underscore":[176],"importance":[178],"responsible":[180],"context-sensitive":[182],"adoption":[184],"sector":[187],"governance.":[188],"This":[189],"contributes":[191],"growing":[194],"discourse":[195],"digital":[197],"governance":[198],"providing":[200],"empirical":[201],"evidence":[202],"practical":[204],"insights":[205],"policymakers":[207],"practitioners":[209],"aiming":[210],"implement":[212],"scalable,":[213],"transparent,":[214],"ethically":[216],"grounded":[217],"solutions":[219],"within":[220],"frameworks.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-01-21T00:00:00"}