{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124896160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","title":"Passive design strategies for curtain wall system in subtropical office buildings in China considering multi-sensory comfort","display_name":"Passive design strategies for curtain wall system in subtropical office buildings in China considering multi-sensory comfort","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124896160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206740","display_name":"Energy and Built Environment","issn_l":"2666-1233","issn":["2666-1233"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy and Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159260149","display_name":"Lei Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Urban Planning and Decision-Making, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Urban Planning and Decision-Making, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049137671","display_name":"Caifang Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caifang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Urban Planning and Decision-Making, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Urban Planning and Decision-Making, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123383072","display_name":"Wei Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7858-9739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7858-9739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Urban Planning and Decision-Making, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7858-9739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Urban Planning and Decision-Making, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041258098","display_name":"Xing Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5180-3602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5180-3602"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123450782","display_name":"Yi Quan Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Future Human Habitats, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Future Human Habitats, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027208259","display_name":"Pengyuan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-6519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-6519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengyuan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Future Human Habitats, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-6519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Future Human Habitats, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027208259"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82801526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"6","first_page":"1380","last_page":"1411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-design","display_name":"passive design","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curtain-wall","display_name":"curtain wall","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-envelope","display_name":"building envelope","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtropical-climate","display_name":"subtropical climate","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-rise-office-buildings","display_name":"high-rise office buildings","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort","display_name":"thermal comfort","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daylighting-quality","display_name":"daylighting quality","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading-devices","display_name":"shading devices","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window-to-wall-ratio","display_name":"window-to-wall ratio","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5752000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370962","display_name":"Curtain wall","level":2,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14168384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16305538","display_name":"Subtropics","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124216869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621833","display_name":"Design strategy","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33276779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943363","display_name":"Design elements and principles","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.23190000653266907}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206740","display_name":"Energy and Built Environment","issn_l":"2666-1233","issn":["2666-1233"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy and Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d897249d073a4d1993b597d393ce5862","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d897249d073a4d1993b597d393ce5862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energy and Built Environment, Vol 7, Iss 6, Pp 1380-1411 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2026.01.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206740","display_name":"Energy and Built Environment","issn_l":"2666-1233","issn":["2666-1233"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy and Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46149998903274536,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1394369435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-H-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323226","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2384074098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20160531191427098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7980793894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017ZB19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336347","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323226","display_name":"Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/015x8jm48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327027","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science","ror":"https://ror.org/020bzb737"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329174","display_name":"Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Council","ror":"https://ror.org/017n8df75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336347","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/00g8d1q08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W787967244","https://openalex.org/W2029761602","https://openalex.org/W2035906911","https://openalex.org/W2040524468","https://openalex.org/W2051269220","https://openalex.org/W2057649184","https://openalex.org/W2059912108","https://openalex.org/W2092744389","https://openalex.org/W2099452304","https://openalex.org/W2128120029","https://openalex.org/W2239355160","https://openalex.org/W2313955091","https://openalex.org/W2471442911","https://openalex.org/W2471807515","https://openalex.org/W2570961892","https://openalex.org/W2626558886","https://openalex.org/W2769323290","https://openalex.org/W2920901284","https://openalex.org/W2939125753","https://openalex.org/W2952708101","https://openalex.org/W2969580338","https://openalex.org/W2989027803","https://openalex.org/W2991574405","https://openalex.org/W2991960262","https://openalex.org/W2999507674","https://openalex.org/W3037708035","https://openalex.org/W3099387092","https://openalex.org/W3111179211","https://openalex.org/W4210455368","https://openalex.org/W4293859679","https://openalex.org/W4306652747","https://openalex.org/W4386133780","https://openalex.org/W4401503749","https://openalex.org/W4403323554","https://openalex.org/W4406913406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415566736","https://openalex.org/W4293152546","https://openalex.org/W7220420071","https://openalex.org/W7158284044","https://openalex.org/W4405738453","https://openalex.org/W1010792611","https://openalex.org/W4382560895","https://openalex.org/W4214850015","https://openalex.org/W2065038048","https://openalex.org/W7002151755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"subtropical":[1,46,78,228],"urban":[2],"environments":[3],"where":[4],"glass":[5,136,145],"building":[6,16,43,223],"curtain":[7,59,62,67,127,154,190],"walls":[8,63,155],"predominate":[9],"in":[10,22,44,88,121,210],"the":[11,15,30,39,45,86,117,152,159,222,227,231],"high-rise":[12,241],"office":[13,42],"construction,":[14],"envelope":[17,55,123,224],"plays":[18],"an":[19],"important":[20],"role":[21],"determining":[23],"energy":[24],"use":[25],"and":[26,69,108,112,147,203,217,236],"comfort":[27,97,102],"level":[28],"within":[29,226],"building.":[31],"This":[32],"work":[33,184],"formulates":[34],"passive":[35],"design":[36,187,207,225],"concepts":[37],"to":[38,172,215,220,239],"high":[40],"rises":[41],"China":[47],"through":[48],"a":[49,82,90,195],"systematic":[50],"evaluation":[51],"of":[52,85,144,150,201,233],"four":[53],"common":[54],"types,":[56],"namely,":[57],"single-layer":[58,61,126,153],"walls,":[60,68,128],"with":[64,72,135,156,177],"shading,":[65],"double-layer":[66],"continuous":[70],"shading":[71,157],"enclosure":[73],"structures.":[74],"Based":[75],"on":[76],"representative":[77],"climate":[79],"condition":[80],"as":[81],"typical":[83],"example":[84],"subtropics":[87],"China,":[89],"parametric":[91],"analysis":[92],"is":[93],"conducted":[94],"using":[95],"various":[96],"performance":[98,114,161,176],"criteria":[99],"including":[100],"thermal":[101,198],"hours,":[103],"useful":[104,214],"daylight":[105],"illuminance":[106],"(UDI),":[107],"visual":[109,175],"quality.":[110],"EnergyPlus":[111],"Radiance":[113],"simulations":[115],"identified":[116],"optimum":[118],"parameter":[119],"spaces":[120],"each":[122],"type:":[124],"for":[125,189],"565\u2013591":[129],"comfortable":[130,165],"hours":[131],"could":[132],"be":[133],"achieved":[134],"U-values":[137],"ranging":[138],"from":[139],"1.7-3.2":[140],"W/m":[141],"2":[142],"K":[143],"U-value":[146],"window-to-wall":[148],"ratios":[149],"0.40-0.60;":[151],"had":[158],"best":[160],"overall,":[162],"providing":[163],"599\u2013601":[164],"hours.":[166],"After":[167],"eliminating":[168],"designs":[169],"that":[170,193],"fail":[171],"achieve":[173],"adequate":[174],"average":[178],"interior":[179],"visibility":[180],"ratio":[181],">40%,":[182],"this":[183,211],"provides":[185],"evidence-based":[186,206],"guidelines":[188],"wall":[191],"systems":[192],"maintain":[194],"balance":[196],"between":[197],"comfort,":[199],"quality":[200],"daylighting":[202],"aesthetics.":[204],"The":[205],"measures":[208],"described":[209],"paper":[212],"are":[213],"architects":[216],"engineers":[218],"intending":[219],"optimize":[221],"climate,":[229],"addressing":[230],"gap":[232],"theoretical":[234],"knowledge":[235],"practical":[237],"application":[238],"sustainable":[240],"construction.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-01-21T00:00:00"}