{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124747728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-33592-1.00007-3","title":"Trustworthiness of large language models: hallucinations","display_name":"Trustworthiness of large language models: hallucinations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124747728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-33592-1.00007-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33592-1.00007-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-33592-1.00007-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-33592-1.00007-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Challenges and Applications of Generative Large Language Models","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125004386","display_name":"Challenges and Applications of Generative Large Language Models"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1311546","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119288547","display_name":"Nicol\u00f2 Brunello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicol\u00f2 Brunello","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119288547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.8184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99296056,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"107","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.76419997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.76419997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.09309999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.06129999831318855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucinations","display_name":"hallucinations","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factual-errors","display_name":"factual errors","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucination-mitigation","display_name":"hallucination mitigation","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucination-detection","display_name":"hallucination detection","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-data-quality","display_name":"training data quality","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"trustworthiness","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/responsible-ai","display_name":"responsible AI","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-reliability","display_name":"output reliability","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.6601999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780565519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208937","display_name":"Multitude","level":2,"score":0.6049000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780502288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28838156","display_name":"Expansive","level":3,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7493553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520777","display_name":"Certainty","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33592-1.00007-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-33592-1.00007-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-33592-1.00007-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Challenges and Applications of Generative Large Language Models","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1311546","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1311546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1311546","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1311546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2947681066","https://openalex.org/W3020264409","https://openalex.org/W3021150969","https://openalex.org/W3021338988","https://openalex.org/W3093852412","https://openalex.org/W3153046263","https://openalex.org/W3153193605","https://openalex.org/W3153391445","https://openalex.org/W3153947101","https://openalex.org/W3177765786","https://openalex.org/W3201174429","https://openalex.org/W3211912523","https://openalex.org/W4226146865","https://openalex.org/W4281481109","https://openalex.org/W4281687410","https://openalex.org/W4285206226","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4381586770","https://openalex.org/W4384920109","https://openalex.org/W4386302153","https://openalex.org/W4387561528","https://openalex.org/W4389519449","https://openalex.org/W4389519888","https://openalex.org/W4389520333","https://openalex.org/W4399803256","https://openalex.org/W4401306886","https://openalex.org/W4401306979","https://openalex.org/W4402671236","https://openalex.org/W4402671286","https://openalex.org/W4404534210","https://openalex.org/W4410964376","https://openalex.org/W4412158322","https://openalex.org/W7133225605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160503939","https://openalex.org/W7163381512","https://openalex.org/W4404682098","https://openalex.org/W7115576478","https://openalex.org/W4417100876","https://openalex.org/W7163556663","https://openalex.org/W6941081892","https://openalex.org/W7148355944","https://openalex.org/W7125480319","https://openalex.org/W7135218648"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-01-20T00:00:00"}
