{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124453061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10254","title":"NoReGeo: Non-Reasoning Geometry Benchmark","display_name":"NoReGeo: Non-Reasoning Geometry Benchmark","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124453061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2601.10254","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10254","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.10254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.10254","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095335183","display_name":"Irina Abdullaeva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116741","display_name":"Innopolis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02b7jh107","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116741"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullaeva, Irina","raw_affiliation_strings":["FusionBrain Lab , Russia","Research Center of the Artificial Intelligence Institute , Innopolis University , Innopolis , Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FusionBrain Lab , Russia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of the Artificial Intelligence Institute , Innopolis University , Innopolis , Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123203365","display_name":"Anton Vasiliuk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasiliuk, Anton","raw_affiliation_strings":["FusionBrain Lab , Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FusionBrain Lab , Russia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030766486","display_name":"Elizaveta Goncharova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-9647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-9647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118501908","display_name":"National Research University Higher School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055f7t516","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goncharova, Elizaveta","raw_affiliation_strings":["FusionBrain Lab , Russia","HSE University , Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FusionBrain Lab , Russia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HSE University , Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116269071","display_name":"Temurbek Anasbekovich Rahmatullaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-0010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-0010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19880235","display_name":"Lomonosov Moscow State University","ror":"https://ror.org/010pmpe69","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahmatullaev, Temurbek","raw_affiliation_strings":["FusionBrain Lab , Russia","Lomonosov Moscow State University , Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FusionBrain Lab , Russia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lomonosov Moscow State University , Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123201784","display_name":"Zagorulko Ivan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan, Zagorulko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central University , Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central University , Russia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123237757","display_name":"Maxim Kurkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5712-4889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5712-4889"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurkin, Maxim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied AI Institute , Moscow , Russia","FusionBrain Lab , Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied AI Institute , Moscow , Russia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FusionBrain Lab , Russia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086303779","display_name":"\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-8663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-8663","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1411-5116"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116741","display_name":"Innopolis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02b7jh107","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116741"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuznetsov, Andrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["FusionBrain Lab , Russia","Research Center of the Artificial Intelligence Institute , Innopolis University , Innopolis , Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FusionBrain Lab , Russia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of the Artificial Intelligence Institute , Innopolis University , Innopolis , Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5404999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5404999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.3190999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12504","display_name":"Mathematics and Applications","score":0.01489999983459711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometric-understanding","display_name":"geometric understanding","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"benchmark","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-reasoning","display_name":"spatial reasoning","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-relationships","display_name":"spatial relations","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"binary classification","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-tuning","display_name":"fine-tuning","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7138000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7138000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.619700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.619700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104065381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1002535","display_name":"Geometric modeling","level":2,"score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104065381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1002535","display_name":"Geometric modeling","level":2,"score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5144000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5144000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7305733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207961","display_name":"Geometric shape","level":2,"score":0.4731999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7305733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207961","display_name":"Geometric shape","level":2,"score":0.4731999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40319758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535477","display_name":"Geometric design","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40319758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535477","display_name":"Geometric design","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181095308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541599","display_name":"Geometric primitive","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181095308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541599","display_name":"Geometric primitive","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32990609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306542","display_name":"Transformation geometry","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32990609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306542","display_name":"Transformation geometry","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2601.10254","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10254","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.10254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.10254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2601.10254","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10254","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.10254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7467002868652344,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324632","display_name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico","ror":"https://ror.org/011z3ff80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330527","display_name":"Innopolis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02b7jh107"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124453061.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124453061.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6910563994","https://openalex.org/W4406793938","https://openalex.org/W7118051813","https://openalex.org/W7140083677","https://openalex.org/W4417089490","https://openalex.org/W7161169574","https://openalex.org/W4416126134","https://openalex.org/W4390048370","https://openalex.org/W4402684298","https://openalex.org/W4417128736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,82],"present":[1],"NoReGeo,":[2,90],"a":[3,84,137,146,159],"novel":[4],"benchmark":[5,58],"designed":[6],"to":[7,70,153],"evaluate":[8],"the":[9,99,141],"intrinsic":[10],"geometric":[11,54,62,76,121,134,156,168],"understanding":[12,122],"of":[13,86,107],"large":[14],"language":[15],"models":[16,88,93,165],"(LLMs)":[17],"without":[18],"relying":[19],"on":[20,43,89],"reasoning":[21],"or":[22],"algebraic":[23,40],"computation.":[24],"Unlike":[25],"existing":[26],"benchmarks":[27],"that":[28,97,119,130],"primarily":[29],"assess":[30,83],"models'":[31],"proficiency":[32],"in":[33,110,149],"reasoning-based":[34],"geometry-where":[35],"solutions":[36],"are":[37],"derived":[38],"using":[39],"methods-NoReGeo":[41],"focuses":[42],"evaluating":[44],"whether":[45],"LLMs":[46],"can":[47],"inherently":[48],"encode":[49],"spatial":[50],"relationships":[51],"and":[52],"recognize":[53],"properties":[55],"directly.":[56],"Our":[57,143],"comprises":[59],"2,500":[60],"trivial":[61],"problems":[63],"spanning":[64],"25":[65],"categories,":[66],"each":[67],"carefully":[68],"crafted":[69],"be":[71],"solvable":[72],"purely":[73],"through":[74,126],"native":[75],"understanding,":[77],"assuming":[78],"known":[79],"object":[80],"locations.":[81],"range":[85],"state-of-the-art":[87],"including":[91],"frontier":[92],"like":[94],"GPT-4,":[95],"observing":[96],"even":[98],"most":[100],"advanced":[101],"systems":[102],"achieve":[103],"an":[104],"overall":[105],"maximum":[106],"65%":[108],"accuracy":[109],"binary":[111],"classification":[112],"tasks.":[113],"Further,":[114],"our":[115],"ablation":[116],"experiments":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"such":[120],"does":[123],"not":[124],"emerge":[125],"fine-tuning":[127],"alone,":[128],"indicating":[129],"effective":[131],"training":[132],"for":[133,161],"comprehension":[135],"requires":[136],"specialized":[138],"approach":[139],"from":[140],"outset.":[142],"findings":[144],"highlight":[145],"significant":[147],"gap":[148],"current":[150],"LLMs'":[151],"ability":[152],"natively":[154],"grasp":[155],"concepts,":[157],"providing":[158],"foundation":[160],"future":[162],"research":[163],"toward":[164],"with":[166],"true":[167],"cognition.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}