{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124450611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","title":"Polyethyleneimine-modified activated biochar derived from rice husk ash: material development and preliminary formaldehyde adsorption study","display_name":"Polyethyleneimine-modified activated biochar derived from rice husk ash: material development and preliminary formaldehyde adsorption study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124450611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281121","display_name":"Carbon Research","issn_l":"2731-6696","issn":["2731-6696"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123198465","display_name":"Thanh Luu Huynh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh Luu Huynh","raw_affiliation_strings":["LABone Scientific Equipment Co., Ltd., 228/13/3 Nguyen Thi Lang Street, Cu Chi Commune, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LABone Scientific Equipment Co., Ltd., 228/13/3 Nguyen Thi Lang Street, Cu Chi Commune, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112751609","display_name":"Bang Tam Thi Dao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7716-0809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7716-0809"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123565023","display_name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City","ror":"https://ror.org/00waaqh38","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23582244","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05jfbgm49","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I23582244"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bang Tam Thi Dao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7716-0809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23582244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123217918","display_name":"My Thoa Le","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123565023","display_name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City","ror":"https://ror.org/00waaqh38","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23582244","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05jfbgm49","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I23582244"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"My Thoa Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23582244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123199436","display_name":"Khanh An Thi Doan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khanh An Thi Doan","raw_affiliation_strings":["LABone Scientific Equipment Co., Ltd., 228/13/3 Nguyen Thi Lang Street, Cu Chi Commune, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LABone Scientific Equipment Co., Ltd., 228/13/3 Nguyen Thi Lang Street, Cu Chi Commune, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088223152","display_name":"Trung Do Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4367-2256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4367-2256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123565023","display_name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City","ror":"https://ror.org/00waaqh38","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23582244","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05jfbgm49","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I23582244"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung Do Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23582244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073087031","display_name":"Hon Nhien Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-7665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-7665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123565023","display_name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City","ror":"https://ror.org/00waaqh38","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23582244","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05jfbgm49","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I23582244"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hon Nhien Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23582244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023853430","display_name":"Chi Nhan Ha Thuc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-7456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-7456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123565023","display_name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City","ror":"https://ror.org/00waaqh38","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23582244","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05jfbgm49","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I23582244"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Nhan Ha-Thuc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23582244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnam National University, Vo Truong Toan Street, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023853430","https://openalex.org/A5112751609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I23582244"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"fwci":6.594,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95907074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12425","display_name":"Industrial Gas Emission Control","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10967","display_name":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","score":0.02160000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyethyleneimine-modification","display_name":"polyethyleneimine modification","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activated-biochar","display_name":"activated biochar","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-husk-ash","display_name":"rice husk ash","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formaldehyde-adsorption","display_name":"formaldehyde adsorption","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-activation","display_name":"chemical activation","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-treatment","display_name":"ultrasonic treatment","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-derived-adsorbents","display_name":"biomass-derived adsorbents","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-groups","display_name":"amino groups","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-air-purification","display_name":"indoor air purification","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption-kinetics","display_name":"adsorption kinetics","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/langmuir-isotherm","display_name":"Langmuir isotherm","score":0.9679999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.9136999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.8192999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75296557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14524280","display_name":"Husk","level":2,"score":0.7792999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60100273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902806","display_name":"Thermogravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.7523000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12143843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6486358","display_name":"Langmuir adsorption model","level":3,"score":0.620199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.609499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6092000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775930285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161210","display_name":"Formaldehyde","level":2,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779647737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190878","display_name":"Activated carbon","level":3,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150581940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622205","display_name":"Specific surface area","level":3,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115958267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464196","display_name":"Langmuir","level":3,"score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147438087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334","display_name":"Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281121","display_name":"Carbon Research","issn_l":"2731-6696","issn":["2731-6696"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44246-025-00244-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281121","display_name":"Carbon Research","issn_l":"2731-6696","issn":["2731-6696"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.4465654194355011,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124450611.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124450611.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W878688404","https://openalex.org/W1971366276","https://openalex.org/W1975813603","https://openalex.org/W1982396004","https://openalex.org/W2011860352","https://openalex.org/W2015551148","https://openalex.org/W2020303159","https://openalex.org/W2023587425","https://openalex.org/W2040753486","https://openalex.org/W2059362695","https://openalex.org/W2067427721","https://openalex.org/W2072244636","https://openalex.org/W2081572062","https://openalex.org/W2281925750","https://openalex.org/W2316617173","https://openalex.org/W2477728285","https://openalex.org/W2559769141","https://openalex.org/W2607355095","https://openalex.org/W2893603375","https://openalex.org/W3008198014","https://openalex.org/W3011596207","https://openalex.org/W3033612509","https://openalex.org/W3129044908","https://openalex.org/W3137431963","https://openalex.org/W3204686305","https://openalex.org/W4291002571","https://openalex.org/W4304098287","https://openalex.org/W4316013961","https://openalex.org/W4387498202","https://openalex.org/W4388260278","https://openalex.org/W4389142728","https://openalex.org/W4391850659","https://openalex.org/W4393219587","https://openalex.org/W4399989327","https://openalex.org/W4401479342"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0,169],"This":[1],"study":[2],"developed":[3],"polyethyleneimine":[4],"(PEI)\u2212modified":[5],"activated":[6,20,63],"biochar":[7,21,64],"(ABC)":[8],"as":[9],"an":[10],"efficient":[11],"adsorbent":[12],"for":[13,40,153],"efficiently":[14],"removing":[15],"formaldehyde":[16,165],"(HCHO)":[17],"gas.":[18],"The":[19,104],"was":[22,65],"derived":[23],"from":[24],"rice":[25],"husk":[26],"ash":[27],"(RHA)":[28],"through":[29],"chemical":[30],"activation":[31],"combined":[32],"with":[33],"ultrasonic":[34],"treatment,":[35],"effectively":[36],"eliminating":[37],"the":[38,52,61,109,117,133,147],"need":[39],"high\u2212temperature":[41],"calcination,":[42],"a":[43,137,161],"common":[44],"step":[45],"in":[46],"traditional":[47],"methods.":[48],"To":[49],"better":[50],"understand":[51],"structural":[53],"and":[54,97,120,128,141,155],"surface":[55,94],"properties":[56],"of":[57,112,122,150],"this":[58],"modified":[59],"material,":[60],"Polyethyleneimine\u2212modified":[62],"meticulously":[66],"characterized":[67],"using":[68],"advanced":[69],"analytical":[70],"techniques,":[71],"including":[72],"scanning":[73],"electron":[74],"microscopy":[75],"(SEM),":[76],"energy":[77],"dispersive":[78],"X\u2013ray":[79,82],"spectroscopy":[80,87],"(EDS),":[81],"diffraction":[83],"(XRD),":[84],"Fourier\u2013transform":[85],"infrared":[86],"(FT\u2013IR),":[88],"thermogravimetric":[89],"analysis":[90],"(TGA),":[91],"Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller":[92],"(BET)":[93],"area":[95],"measurements,":[96],"Barrett\u2013Joyner\u2013Halenda":[98],"(BJH)":[99],"pore":[100],"size":[101],"distribution":[102],"analysis.":[103],"PEI\u2013modified":[105],"ABC":[106],"exhibited":[107],"double":[108],"adsorption":[110,134],"capacity":[111],"unmodified":[113],"ABC,":[114],"attributed":[115],"to":[116,164],"increased":[118],"density":[119],"diversity":[121],"active":[123],"amine":[124],"functional":[125],"groups.":[126],"Kinetic":[127],"isotherm":[129],"studies":[130],"confirmed":[131],"that":[132],"process":[135],"follows":[136],"first\u2013order":[138],"kinetic":[139],"model":[140],"Langmuir":[142],"isotherm.":[143],"These":[144],"results":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"strong":[148],"potential":[149],"biomass\u2013derived":[151],"adsorbents":[152],"cost\u2013effective":[154],"sustainable":[156],"indoor":[157],"air":[158],"purification,":[159],"offering":[160],"promising":[162],"approach":[163],"pollution":[166],"control.":[167],"Graphical":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}
