{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124449632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682261417278","title":"Level I Trauma Centers Are Associated With Lower Adjusted In-Hospital Mortality After Operative Spine Trauma: Analysis of the 2023 United States National Trauma Data Bank","display_name":"Level I Trauma Centers Are Associated With Lower Adjusted In-Hospital Mortality After Operative Spine Trauma: Analysis of the 2023 United States National Trauma Data Bank","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124449632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682261417278","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41544380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/21925682261417278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682261417278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682261417278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739034459","display_name":"Global Spine Journal","issn_l":"2192-5682","issn":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682261417278","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054669766","display_name":"Mitchell K. Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-055X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-055X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell K. Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-055X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094208633","display_name":"Leonidas E. Mastrokostas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8926-3502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8926-3502"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326872476","display_name":"Maimonides Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00g651r29","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326872476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181697535","display_name":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/0041qmd21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonidas E. Mastrokostas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maimonides Medical Center","SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8926-3502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maimonides Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326872476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093690578","display_name":"Paul G. Mastrokostas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-517X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-517X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326872476","display_name":"Maimonides Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00g651r29","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326872476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181697535","display_name":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/0041qmd21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul G. Mastrokostas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maimonides Medical Center","SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-517X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maimonides Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326872476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075124510","display_name":"Yulia Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulia Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021245873","display_name":"Gregorio Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5269-3922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5269-3922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregorio Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091422015","display_name":"Jonathan Dalton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-2712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-2712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Dalton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-2712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102693362","display_name":"Alec M Giakas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-1648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-1648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alec Giakas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089367635","display_name":"Adam N. Fano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-6350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-6350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Fano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-6350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084256025","display_name":"Sean Inzerillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8469-0656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8469-0656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181697535","display_name":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/0041qmd21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Inzerillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086348241","display_name":"Afshin E. Razi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-4582","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-4582"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326872476","display_name":"Maimonides Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00g651r29","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326872476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afshin E. Razi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maimonides Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maimonides Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326872476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038174166","display_name":"Khaled Abdelmoneim Elmenawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-960X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-960X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Elmenawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cleveland Clinic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland Clinic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109006421","display_name":"Daniel R. Fassett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2037-677X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2037-677X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel R. Fassett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133497161","display_name":"Thomas D. Cha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas D. Cha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031541634","display_name":"Mark F. Kurd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9680-1088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9680-1088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark F. Kurd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038443830","display_name":"Zachary T. Wilt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-3841","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-3841"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Wilt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090922539","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Rihn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-3675","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-3675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey A. Rihn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045252723","display_name":"Ian David Kaye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-8760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-8760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian D. Kaye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-8760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020632703","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 A. Canseco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-5725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-5725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose A. Canseco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-5725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070137432","display_name":"Alan S. Hilibrand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8811-9687","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8811-9687"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan S. Hilibrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8811-9687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009142068","display_name":"Alexander Richard Vaccaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-0796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-0796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander R. Vaccaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001099138","display_name":"Gregory Douglas Schroeder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-1964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-1964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory D. Schroeder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027679642","display_name":"Christopher K. Kepler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0996-4346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0996-4346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360765","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhva53","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210114575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher K. Kepler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034342372","display_name":"Andrew P. Alvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-1341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-1341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090807","display_name":"Rothman Orthopaedics","ror":"https://ror.org/00brr5r54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew P. Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rothman Orthopaedic Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054669766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360765","https://openalex.org/I4210090807"],"apc_list":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"apc_paid":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02987699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"2868","last_page":"2877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.5532000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.5532000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.4255000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-i-trauma-center","display_name":"level I trauma center","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-ii-trauma-center","display_name":"level II trauma center","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-injury","display_name":"spinal trauma","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-hospital-mortality","display_name":"in-hospital mortality","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-fusion","display_name":"spinal fusion","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-decompression","display_name":"spinal decompression","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-instrumentation","display_name":"spinal instrumentation","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-complications","display_name":"postoperative complications","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/length-of-hospital-stay","display_name":"length of hospital stay","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-injury","display_name":"spinal cord injury","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-spine-injury","display_name":"cervical spine injury","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-trauma-data-bank","display_name":"National Trauma Data Bank","score":0.8019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.973800003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2980337","display_name":"Trauma center","level":3,"score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.654699981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6367999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85004164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089964","display_name":"Injury Severity Score","level":4,"score":0.5493000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5141000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.5116000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415275","display_name":"Spinal cord injury","level":3,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780073493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523837","display_name":"Single Center","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777298740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162621","display_name":"Penetrating trauma","level":3,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/21925682261417278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682261417278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682261417278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739034459","display_name":"Global Spine Journal","issn_l":"2192-5682","issn":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41544380","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41544380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global spine journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8eeaea8254d4434bb6cb1ddabfa93b4a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8eeaea8254d4434bb6cb1ddabfa93b4a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine Journal, Vol 16 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12811093","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12811093/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine J","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/21925682261417278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682261417278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682261417278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739034459","display_name":"Global Spine Journal","issn_l":"2192-5682","issn":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Spine Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7047230005264282,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59152203","https://openalex.org/W1978094271","https://openalex.org/W2032127012","https://openalex.org/W2046747986","https://openalex.org/W2051897407","https://openalex.org/W2054955231","https://openalex.org/W2063674352","https://openalex.org/W2083066201","https://openalex.org/W2094250348","https://openalex.org/W2104668890","https://openalex.org/W2113023858","https://openalex.org/W2315973065","https://openalex.org/W2337848138","https://openalex.org/W2609804342","https://openalex.org/W2765892592","https://openalex.org/W2885425069","https://openalex.org/W2896555466","https://openalex.org/W2951216670","https://openalex.org/W2989561934","https://openalex.org/W3092448093","https://openalex.org/W4210994286","https://openalex.org/W4223644576","https://openalex.org/W4280609423","https://openalex.org/W4312083555","https://openalex.org/W4318928363","https://openalex.org/W4386032105","https://openalex.org/W4386518788","https://openalex.org/W4399191946","https://openalex.org/W4409872483"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Study":[0],"Design":[1],"Retrospective":[2],"cohort":[3],"study.":[4],"Objective":[5],"To":[6],"compare":[7],"in-hospital":[8,81,160,180],"mortality,":[9,82,131],"complications,":[10,83],"and":[11,63,77,84,113,135,186],"resource":[12],"utilization":[13],"among":[14],"patients":[15,42,94,105,205],"undergoing":[16,206],"fusion,":[17,49],"decompression/discectomy,":[18,50],"or":[19,51,57,182,220],"instrumentation":[20,52],"for":[21,40,71,204,209,245],"spine":[22,45],"trauma":[23,30,46,195],"at":[24,53,96,100,138,146,191],"Level":[25,28,55,58,97,101,103,139,148,193,235],"I":[26,56,104,140,149,194,236],"vs":[27],"II":[29,59],"centers.":[31,141],"Methods":[32],"The":[33],"National":[34],"Trauma":[35],"Data":[36],"Bank":[37],"was":[38,151,197,215],"queried":[39],"adult":[41],"with":[43,153,199,240],"isolated":[44],"who":[47],"underwent":[48],"a":[54,115,147,154,192,200,241],"center.":[60],"Multivariable":[61],"logistic":[62],"linear":[64],"regression":[65],"models":[66],"were":[67,106,171],"used":[68],"to":[69],"adjust":[70],"patient":[72,248],"demographics,":[73],"injury":[74],"severity,":[75],"comorbidities,":[76],"hospital":[78,134,185],"characteristics,":[79],"comparing":[80],"length":[85],"of":[86,118,159,178],"stay":[87],"(LOS).":[88],"Results":[89],"We":[90],"identified":[91],"10":[92],"295":[93],"(6588":[95],"I;":[98],"3707":[99],"II).":[102],"younger,":[107],"had":[108,114],"more":[109],"severe":[110],"spinal":[111,119,210],"injuries,":[112],"higher":[116],"incidence":[117],"cord":[120],"injury,":[121],"particularly":[122],"involving":[123],"the":[124,223],"cervical":[125],"spine.":[126],"Unadjusted":[127],"outcomes":[128],"showed":[129],"similar":[130],"but":[132],"longer":[133],"ICU":[136,187],"LOS":[137],"After":[142],"risk":[143],"adjustment,":[144],"treatment":[145],"center":[150,196],"associated":[152,198,239],"34%":[155],"lower":[156],"adjusted":[157,176,184],"odds":[158,177],"mortality":[161,213],"(OR":[162],"0.66;":[163],"95%":[164],"CI":[165],"0.46-0.96;":[166],"P":[167],"=":[168],".030).":[169],"There":[170],"no":[172],"significant":[173,201],"differences":[174],"in":[175,183],"any":[179],"complication":[181],"LOS.":[188,221],"Conclusion":[189],"Treatment":[190],"survival":[202,243],"benefit":[203],"operative":[207],"management":[208],"trauma.":[211],"This":[212],"advantage":[214,244],"achieved":[216],"without":[217],"increasing":[218],"complications":[219],"Given":[222],"retrospective":[224],"design,":[225],"causality":[226],"cannot":[227],"be":[228],"inferred.":[229],"Nevertheless,":[230],"these":[231],"findings":[232],"suggest":[233],"that":[234],"centers":[237],"are":[238],"distinct":[242],"this":[246],"high-acuity":[247],"population.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}
