{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124444389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","title":"Evolving Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance in Empyema Thoracis: A Descriptive Case Series Analysis from Services Hospital Lahore","display_name":"Evolving Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance in Empyema Thoracis: A Descriptive Case Series Analysis from Services Hospital Lahore","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124444389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289033","display_name":"Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry","issn_l":"2790-3443","issn":["2790-3443","2790-3451"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","host_organization_name":"University of Lahore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120313321","display_name":"Zeeshan Sarwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3383-8124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3383-8124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125830269","display_name":"Services Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04c1d9r22","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125830269"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802503132","display_name":"Services Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0308pxz24","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802503132"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeeshan Sarwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Post Graduate Resident, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post Graduate Resident, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125830269","https://openalex.org/I2802503132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111245839","display_name":"Muhammad Shoaib Nabi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125830269","display_name":"Services Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04c1d9r22","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125830269"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802503132","display_name":"Services Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0308pxz24","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802503132"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shoaib Nabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125830269","https://openalex.org/I2802503132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045811986","display_name":"Anum Arooj Tariq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125830269","display_name":"Services Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04c1d9r22","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125830269"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802503132","display_name":"Services Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0308pxz24","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802503132"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anum Arooj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Post Graduate Resident, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post Graduate Resident, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125830269","https://openalex.org/I2802503132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123217536","display_name":"Muhammad Saqib Musharraf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Saqib Musharraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Al-Aleem Medical College, Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Al-Aleem Medical College, Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02657947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11356","display_name":"Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases","score":0.9063000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11356","display_name":"Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases","score":0.9063000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.050200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thoracic-empyema","display_name":"thoracic empyema","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistance","display_name":"multidrug resistance","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-empyema","display_name":"bacterial empyema","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudomonas-aeruginosa","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klebsiella-pneumoniae","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acinetobacter","display_name":"Acinetobacter","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram-negative-bacteria","display_name":"Gram-negative bacteria","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-susceptibility","display_name":"antibiotic susceptibility","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meropenem","display_name":"meropenem","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gentamicin","display_name":"gentamicin","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-trends","display_name":"resistance trends","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lahore","display_name":"Lahore","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.79339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779375183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421670","display_name":"Meropenem","level":4,"score":0.7163000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778806431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774539","display_name":"Antibiotic sensitivity","level":3,"score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777799383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339539","display_name":"Empyema","level":2,"score":0.5824000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777637488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31856","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","level":3,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778523567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310457","display_name":"Acinetobacter","level":3,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779116282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131854","display_name":"Klebsiella","level":4,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776968632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808845","display_name":"Ceftazidime","level":4,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779631663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425152","display_name":"Imipenem","level":4,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189539697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125312","display_name":"Microbiological culture","level":3,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777058267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132592","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","level":4,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776933286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132592","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumonia","level":4,"score":0.26080000400543213}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289033","display_name":"Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry","issn_l":"2790-3443","issn":["2790-3443","2790-3451"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","host_organization_name":"University of Lahore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b56f95d67c24856a572c4c862d9edb7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b56f95d67c24856a572c4c862d9edb7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v5i1.4348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289033","display_name":"Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry","issn_l":"2790-3443","issn":["2790-3443","2790-3451"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","host_organization_name":"University of Lahore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"To":[1],"characterize":[2],"the":[3,27,51,67,87,202],"microbiological":[4],"spectrum":[5],"and":[6,24,29,73,78,95,109,131,195,216],"antibiotic":[7,76],"susceptibility":[8],"patterns":[9,74],"of":[10,32,43,75,118,122,142],"pathogens":[11,232],"causing":[12],"empyema":[13,45,119],"thoracis":[14,46,210],"in":[15,22,47,86,107,172,182,187,192,213,235],"adults":[16],"at":[17],"a":[18,140],"tertiary":[19],"care":[20],"hospital":[21],"Lahore,":[23,57],"to":[25,50,62,102,105,160],"describe":[26],"prevalence":[28,152],"temporal":[30],"trends":[31],"multidrug-resistant":[33],"(MDR)":[34],"isolates.":[35],"Methodology:":[36],"This":[37,113],"observational":[38],"study":[39,114],"comprises":[40],"581":[41,116],"cases":[42,117,125,133],"bacterial":[44,128,144],"patients":[48],"admitted":[49],"Thoracic":[52],"Surgery":[53],"Department,":[54],"Services":[55],"Hospital,":[56],"Pakistan,":[58],"from":[59,158],"March":[60],"2023":[61],"February":[63],"2025.":[64],"We":[65],"collected":[66],"patient\u2019s":[68],"demographic":[69],"data,":[70],"culture":[71,129],"results,":[72],"sensitivity":[77,204],"resistance.":[79],"Adults":[80],"aged":[81],"\u226518":[82],"years":[83],"were":[84,91,148],"included":[85],"study.":[88,237],"Descriptive":[89],"variables":[90],"analyzed":[92],"as":[93],"means":[94],"frequencies.":[96],"An":[97],"independent":[98],"t-test":[99],"was":[100,169,177],"applied":[101],"compare":[103],"resistance":[104,226],"antibiotics":[106],"gram-negative":[108,223],"gram-positive":[110],"organisms.":[111,199,224],"Results:":[112],"includes":[115],"thoracis,":[120],"out":[121],"which":[123],"527":[124,143],"show":[126,134],"positive":[127,163],"growth":[130,136],"54":[132],"no":[135],"on":[137],"culture.":[138],"From":[139],"total":[141],"cultures,":[145],"274":[146],"(52%)":[147],"Multidrug-resistant":[149,151,231],"(MDR).":[150],"fluctuated":[153],"across":[154],"half-year":[155],"periods,":[156],"ranging":[157],"53.7%":[159],"62.7%.":[161],"Among":[162],"cultures;":[164],"most":[165],"common":[166],"Bacteria":[167],"isolated":[168],"Pseudomonas":[170],"aeruginosa":[171],"167":[173],"(32%)":[174],"patients,":[175],"this":[176],"followed":[178,205],"by":[179,206],"Klebsiella":[180],"pneumonaie":[181],"51":[183],"(10%),":[184],"Acinetobacter":[185],"species":[186],"47":[188],"(9%),":[189],"E.":[190],"coli":[191],"48":[193],"(9%)":[194],"other":[196],"gram":[197],"negative":[198],"Meropenem":[200],"shows":[201],"highest":[203],"gentamycin.":[207],"Conclusion:":[208],"Empyema":[209],"remains":[211],"prevalent":[212],"our":[214,236],"country":[215],"is":[217,227],"now":[218],"more":[219],"commonly":[220],"associated":[221],"with":[222],"Antibiotic":[225],"increasing":[228],"alarmingly,":[229],"producing":[230],"upto":[233],"62%":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}
