{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124324459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70440","title":"Research on Thermal Runaway Multiphysics Coupling Simulation and Sensor Optimization Layout of Lithium Iron Phosphate Energy Storage Battery Packs","display_name":"Research on Thermal Runaway Multiphysics Coupling Simulation and Sensor Optimization Layout of Lithium Iron Phosphate Energy Storage Battery Packs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124324459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ese3.70440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70440","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ese3.70440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737327489","display_name":"Energy Science & Engineering","issn_l":"2050-0505","issn":["2050-0505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Science & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ese3.70440","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123091059","display_name":"Dongliang Guo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282011","display_name":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/056wxrm96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongliang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087066806","display_name":"Lei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-2509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-2509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282011","display_name":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/056wxrm96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123148952","display_name":"Rong Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282011","display_name":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/056wxrm96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123148856","display_name":"Jun Jia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282011","display_name":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/056wxrm96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128353493","display_name":"Peng Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282011","display_name":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/056wxrm96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123119499","display_name":"Hailong Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1483-0190","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1483-0190"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailong Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1483-0190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135853100","display_name":"Xin Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135853100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02356268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1765","last_page":"1780"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-iron-phosphate-batteries","display_name":"lithium iron phosphate batteries","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-runaway","display_name":"thermal runaway","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-layout-optimization","display_name":"sensor layout optimization","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nsga-iii","display_name":"NSGA-III","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-monitoring","display_name":"fault monitoring","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-diffusion","display_name":"hydrogen diffusion","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-safety","display_name":"battery safety","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72688512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908282","display_name":"Thermal runaway","level":4,"score":0.789900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46435376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1829750","display_name":"Multiphysics","level":3,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.49540001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779179610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042400","display_name":"Lithium iron phosphate","level":4,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41325743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261040","display_name":"Pressure sensor","level":2,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174598085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746673","display_name":"Acoustic emission","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778508592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420116","display_name":"Battery pack","level":4,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37668627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809","display_name":"Thermal diffusivity","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ese3.70440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70440","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ese3.70440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737327489","display_name":"Energy Science & Engineering","issn_l":"2050-0505","issn":["2050-0505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Science & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f53bb94bc36d45cbbf0a88b9ff36a711","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f53bb94bc36d45cbbf0a88b9ff36a711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energy Science & Engineering, Vol 14, Iss 4, Pp 1765-1780 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ese3.70440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70440","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ese3.70440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737327489","display_name":"Energy Science & Engineering","issn_l":"2050-0505","issn":["2050-0505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Science & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.868561863899231,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336329","display_name":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/056wxrm96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124324459.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124324459.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984617240","https://openalex.org/W1987761773","https://openalex.org/W2032952916","https://openalex.org/W2071620659","https://openalex.org/W2073269881","https://openalex.org/W2085628381","https://openalex.org/W2107356856","https://openalex.org/W2129895618","https://openalex.org/W2131285604","https://openalex.org/W2133676848","https://openalex.org/W2140581484","https://openalex.org/W2150794496","https://openalex.org/W2339039928","https://openalex.org/W2936066080","https://openalex.org/W2971833822","https://openalex.org/W3042016341","https://openalex.org/W3152248029","https://openalex.org/W3217440273","https://openalex.org/W4307059211","https://openalex.org/W4309117071","https://openalex.org/W4392574264","https://openalex.org/W4401598353"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"To":[1],"address":[2],"the":[3,21,30,58,109,117,124,128,134,141,147,178,182,195,202,213,223,227,243,247,264,274],"safety":[4,154],"risks":[5],"caused":[6],"by":[7],"thermal":[8,59,118,188],"runaway":[9,60,119,189],"in":[10,127,194,222,255,279],"lithium":[11],"iron":[12],"phosphate":[13],"(LiFePO\u2084)":[14],"energy":[15,34,268,280],"storage":[16,35,269,281],"batteries,":[17],"and":[18,23,54,66,75,90,96,170,211,260,271],"to":[19,107,123],"improve":[20,273],"timeliness":[22],"accuracy":[24],"of":[25,33,57,144,181,246,267,276],"fault":[26,204,225,277],"monitoring":[27,278],"while":[28,221],"ensuring":[29],"safe":[31,265],"operation":[32,266],"systems,":[36],"this":[37,145,256],"study":[38],"focuses":[39],"on":[40,140],"a":[41,49,171],"314":[42],"Ah":[43],"liquid\u2010cooled":[44],"battery":[45],"module.":[46,248],"It":[47],"conducts":[48],"coupled":[50],"gas\u2010mechanics\u2010acoustics":[51],"multi\u2010physics":[52],"simulation":[53],"experimental":[55],"validation":[56,97],"process.":[61],"Mechanical":[62],"response,":[63],"acoustic":[64,87,149,174],"propagation,":[65],"gas":[67,190],"diffusion":[68,92],"models":[69],"were":[70,98],"built":[71],"using":[72],"ABAQUS,":[73],"COMSOL,":[74],"Ansys":[76],"Fluent,":[77],"respectively.":[78],"Combined":[79],"with":[80,201],"experimentally":[81],"measured":[82],"stress":[83,120,135],"peaks":[84],"(1308":[85],"kg),":[86],"signal":[88,150],"characteristics,":[89],"hydrogen":[91],"data,":[93],"model":[94],"inputs":[95],"completed.":[99],"The":[100,113,249],"NSGA\u2010III":[101],"multi\u2010objective":[102],"optimization":[103,251],"algorithm":[104],"was":[105],"applied":[106],"determine":[108],"optimal":[110,193],"sensor":[111,136,175,250],"configuration.":[112],"results":[114],"show":[115],"that:":[116],"is":[121,184,192,230],"transmitted":[122],"seventh":[125],"cell":[126],"module":[129,183],"within":[130],"0.001":[131],"s,":[132,220],"so":[133],"should":[137,237],"be":[138,239],"placed":[139,176],"large":[142],"surface":[143],"cell;":[146],"transient":[148],"peak":[151],"pressure":[152,161],"during":[153],"valve":[155],"activation":[156],"exceeds":[157],"17":[158],"Pa":[159],"(sound":[160],"level":[162],">":[163],"118.6":[164],"dB),":[165],"achieving":[166],"millisecond\u2010level":[167],"full":[168],"coverage,":[169],"single":[172],"broadband":[173],"at":[177,208,218,232,242],"top":[179,196,244],"center":[180,197,224,245],"sufficient":[185],"for":[186,263],"monitoring;":[187],"response":[191],"area":[198],"(Position":[199],"5),":[200],"edge":[203],"scenario":[205],"detected":[206],"first":[207],"1.1":[209],"s":[210],"reaching":[212],"warning":[214,228],"threshold":[215,229],"(0.01":[216],"kmol/m\u00b3)":[217],"1.6":[219],"scenario,":[226],"reached":[231],"0.1":[233],"s.":[234],"Gas":[235],"sensors":[236],"therefore":[238],"preferentially":[240],"arranged":[241],"layout":[252],"strategy":[253],"proposed":[254],"paper":[257],"provides":[258],"theoretical":[259],"technical":[261],"support":[262],"batteries":[270],"helps":[272],"effectiveness":[275],"systems.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-01-16T00:00:00"}