{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124300194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020212","title":"Effects of Substrate-Based Root Restriction on Tomato Growth, Fruit Quality, Yield, and Microbial Communities in a Simplified Automatic Soilless Cultivation System","display_name":"Effects of Substrate-Based Root Restriction on Tomato Growth, Fruit Quality, Yield, and Microbial Communities in a Simplified Automatic Soilless Cultivation System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124300194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16020212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020212","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101985022","display_name":"Yecheng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6725-6447","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6725-6447","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5568-0156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yecheng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","Hainan Institute , Zhejiang University , Sanya 572025 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Institute , Zhejiang University , Sanya 572025 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119625351","display_name":"Siqi Xia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yazhouwan National Laboratory , Sanya 572024 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yazhouwan National Laboratory , Sanya 572024 , China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002253989","display_name":"H. Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haili Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","Hainan Institute , Zhejiang University , Sanya 572025 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Institute , Zhejiang University , Sanya 572025 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730390","display_name":"Lingyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3361-3956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3361-3956","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1015-5159"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Experiment Station , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","The Rural Development Academy , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Experiment Station , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Rural Development Academy , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153371689","display_name":"Ying Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123080039","display_name":"Jie Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-7214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-7214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","Hainan Institute , Zhejiang University , Sanya 572025 , China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-7214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Institute , Zhejiang University , Sanya 572025 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123597994","display_name":"Xiaojian Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-9769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-9769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojian Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","Hainan Institute , Zhejiang University , Sanya 572025 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Institute , Zhejiang University , Sanya 572025 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146758461","display_name":"Nianqiao Shen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nianqiao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cangnan County Agricultural Technology Extension Station , Wenzhou 325800 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cangnan County Agricultural Technology Extension Station , Wenzhou 325800 , China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068005043","display_name":"Zhenyu Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1195-3771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1195-3771","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-4476","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1108-229X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068005043","https://openalex.org/A5146758461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":7.1021,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94659181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"212","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12113","display_name":"Growth and nutrition in plants","score":0.7973999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12113","display_name":"Growth and nutrition in plants","score":0.7973999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.12520000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12605","display_name":"Berry genetics and cultivation research","score":0.019300000742077827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-restriction","display_name":"root restriction","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomato","display_name":"tomato","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soilless-cultivation","display_name":"soilless cultivation","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhizosphere-microbiome","display_name":"rhizosphere microbiome","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-quality","display_name":"fruit quality","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lycopene","display_name":"lycopene","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soluble-sugars","display_name":"soluble sugars","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soluble-protein","display_name":"soluble protein","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield","display_name":"yield","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growing-media","display_name":"growing media","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-network-topology","display_name":"microbial network topology","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86626682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124578","display_name":"Rhizosphere","level":3,"score":0.8781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6984999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002","display_name":"Sugar","level":2,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552594755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191667","display_name":"Hydroponics","level":2,"score":0.47679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81407943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149178","display_name":"Microbial population biology","level":3,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779587293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622360","display_name":"Straw","level":2,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780022147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208130","display_name":"Lycopene","level":3,"score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155868670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q534131","display_name":"Root system","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28731254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146935","display_name":"Monocropping","level":4,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23209589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3368724","display_name":"Pathosystem","level":3,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16020212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202509.1357.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.1357.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.1357.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/64525643759c4f1eb785c34ed0b17bac/download_pub","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e9649a689bb4ab3ac78d9650262aaec","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e9649a689bb4ab3ac78d9650262aaec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy, Vol 16, Iss 2, p 212 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16020212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.565447211265564,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7986567246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFD2300704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Root":[0],"restriction":[1,20,54],"is":[2],"an":[3],"agronomic":[4],"technique":[5],"that":[6,52],"influences":[7],"plant":[8],"morphology,":[9],"physiology,":[10],"and":[11,27,37,73,82,84,90,108,134,152,167,176,199],"productivity.":[12],"This":[13],"study":[14],"investigates":[15],"the":[16,95,128,172,189,197],"effects":[17],"of":[18,162,174,193,201],"root":[19,53],"on":[21],"tomato":[22],"growth,":[23],"fruit":[24,61],"quality,":[25],"yield,":[26],"rhizosphere":[28,144,173],"microbial":[29,145,182,202],"communities":[30,178],"using":[31],"three":[32,160],"distinct":[33],"substrates:":[34],"sand,":[35,166],"soil,":[36],"peanut":[38,153,168],"shell":[39,154,169],"substrate":[40,155],"(PSS),":[41],"within":[42],"a":[43],"Simplified":[44],"Automatic":[45],"Soilless":[46],"Culture":[47],"System":[48],"(SAS).":[49],"Results":[50],"demonstrated":[51],"at":[55,124],"8":[56,125],"cm":[57,97,126],"height":[58,187],"significantly":[59],"enhanced":[60],"quality":[62,133],"indicators:":[63],"soluble":[64,76],"sugar":[65],"content":[66],"increased":[67,78,86],"by":[68,79,87,103,117,179],"69.01%":[69],"(sand),":[70,105],"53.84%":[71],"(soil),":[72,107],"37.67%":[74],"(PSS);":[75],"protein":[77],"77.23%,":[80],"48.14%,":[81],"66.51%;":[83],"lycopene":[85],"100.03%,":[88],"62.33%,":[89],"74.59%,":[91],"respectively,":[92],"compared":[93,156],"to":[94,119,157],"24":[96],"baseline.":[98],"However,":[99],"single-plant":[100],"yield":[101,135],"declined":[102],"28.30%":[104],"64.28%":[106],"22.06%":[109],"(PSS).":[110],"TOPSIS":[111],"analysis":[112],"(Technique":[113],"for":[114,131],"Order":[115],"Preference":[116],"Similarity":[118],"Ideal":[120],"Solution)":[121],"identified":[122],"PSS":[123],"as":[127],"optimal":[129],"combination":[130],"balancing":[132],"(Cj":[136],"=":[137],"0.631).":[138],"Microbial":[139],"amplicon":[140],"sequencing":[141],"revealed":[142],"higher":[143],"diversity":[146],"in":[147,150,185],"tomatoes":[148],"grown":[149],"soil":[151],"sand.":[158],"These":[159],"types":[161],"growing":[163],"media":[164],"(soil,":[165],"substrate)":[170],"establish":[171],"bacterial":[175,194],"fungal":[177],"selecting":[180],"specific":[181],"taxa.":[183],"Changes":[184],"container":[186],"drive":[188],"reduction\u2013oxidation":[190],"functional":[191],"divergence":[192],"communities,":[195],"affecting":[196],"connectivity":[198],"complexity":[200],"networks.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-01-16T00:00:00"}