{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123713293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","title":"Differences in nutritional intake from diet and nutritional supplements between urban and rural pregnant women in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study","display_name":"Differences in nutritional intake from diet and nutritional supplements between urban and rural pregnant women in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123713293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41613927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Minghan Fu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122976145","display_name":"Yun Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122911388","display_name":"Jia Yin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080182023","display_name":"Zhencheng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9693-7289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9693-7289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhencheng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115044751","display_name":"Q. Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122958866","display_name":"Hongliang Luo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122922118","display_name":"Yitong Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754513","display_name":"Jiahui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7922-2084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7922-2084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122948938","display_name":"Zhixu Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University","The Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109915428","display_name":"Ye Ding","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ye Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109915428","https://openalex.org/A5122948938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02673271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1634739","last_page":"1634739"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.47290000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.47290000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.26809999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12873","display_name":"Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior","score":0.11580000072717667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-nutrition","display_name":"prenatal nutrition","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnant-women","display_name":"pregnant women","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-consumption","display_name":"dietary intake","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplements","display_name":"dietary supplements","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micronutrient-deficiency","display_name":"micronutrient deficiency","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-and-protein-intake","display_name":"energy and protein intake","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutritional-imbalance","display_name":"nutrient imbalance","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-reference-intakes","display_name":"Dietary Reference Intakes","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7024999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.691100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994082534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural population","level":3,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779958979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3473027","display_name":"Rural health","level":3,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018685816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213449","display_name":"Food intake","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breastfeeding","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775848727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7070522","display_name":"Nutritional epidemiology","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018403216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108898813","display_name":"Dietary diversity","level":4,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41613927","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41613927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in nutrition","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78f428cc555a4569bf910f084d3ba8fb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78f428cc555a4569bf910f084d3ba8fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition, Vol 12 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12847047","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12847047/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Nutr","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1634739/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.6748999953269958,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7367981672286987,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123713293.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123713293.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998432885","https://openalex.org/W3021134789","https://openalex.org/W3034481043","https://openalex.org/W3084304866","https://openalex.org/W3112199335","https://openalex.org/W3119891941","https://openalex.org/W3126980541","https://openalex.org/W3162445306","https://openalex.org/W3176506801","https://openalex.org/W4226146395","https://openalex.org/W4283207544","https://openalex.org/W4285743183","https://openalex.org/W4379058264","https://openalex.org/W4385067154","https://openalex.org/W4391844087","https://openalex.org/W4394935488","https://openalex.org/W4396900731","https://openalex.org/W4399900690","https://openalex.org/W4400655050","https://openalex.org/W4401524777","https://openalex.org/W4405056743","https://openalex.org/W4405269107","https://openalex.org/W4410020545"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Maternal":[1],"nutritional":[2,23,92,246,277],"status":[3],"during":[4],"pregnancy":[5,7],"affects":[6],"outcomes":[8],"and":[9,15,22,32,40,43,48,61,72,85,91,116,128,138,153,173,177,181,184,192,194,200,211,243,266,297,300],"the":[10,123,129,187,280],"lifelong":[11],"health":[12,59],"of":[13,46,111,164,189,209,221,263],"mothers":[14],"offspring.":[16],"In":[17,148,259],"China,":[18,53],"prenatal":[19],"dietary":[20,33,42,126,261],"habits":[21],"supplement":[24,93],"usage":[25],"vary":[26],"across":[27],"geographic":[28],"regions,":[29],"socioeconomic":[30],"strata,":[31],"cultures.":[34],"This":[35,64],"study":[36],"aimed":[37],"to":[38,143],"evaluate":[39],"compare":[41,144],"nutrient":[44],"intakes":[45],"urban":[47,71,152,256,265],"rural":[49,73,154,252,267,307],"pregnant":[50,74,155,268,283],"women":[51,75,156,269,284],"in":[52,76,88,157,251,255,270,279,306],"providing":[54],"baseline":[55],"data":[56],"for":[57,230,295],"relevant":[58],"guidance":[60],"strategies.":[62],"Methods":[63],"multi-stage":[65],"cross-sectional":[66],"survey":[67],"recruited":[68],"653":[69],"healthy":[70],"their":[77,225],"second":[78],"or":[79],"third":[80],"trimesters":[81,159],"from":[82],"2":[83],"municipalities":[84],"11":[86],"provinces":[87],"China.":[89],"Dietary":[90,131],"consumption":[94,163],"was":[95,119],"assessed":[96],"using":[97],"a":[98,104,298],"4-day":[99],"online":[100],"diary":[101],"paired":[102],"with":[103,205,217,276],"food":[105,113,166],"atlas.":[106],"The":[107,134],"total":[108],"daily":[109],"intake":[110,188,202,262],"each":[112],"category,":[114],"energy,":[115],"key":[117],"nutrients":[118],"evaluated":[120],"based":[121],"on":[122],"Chinese":[124,130],"balanced":[125,301],"pagoda":[127],"Reference":[132],"Intakes.":[133],"Mann\u2013Whitney":[135],"U":[136],"test":[137,140],"Chi-square":[139],"were":[141,197,203,215,248],"utilized":[142],"urban\u2013rural":[145],"differences.":[146],"Results":[147],"this":[149],"study,":[150],"both":[151,264],"different":[158],"exhibited":[160],"an":[161],"inadequate":[162],"multiple":[165],"categories:":[167],"potatoes,":[168],"vegetables,":[169],"fruits,":[170],"fish,":[171],"shrimp,":[172],"shellfish,":[174],"eggs,":[175],"milk":[176],"its":[178,182],"products,":[179,183],"soybeans":[180],"nuts,":[185],"while":[186],"livestock":[190],"meat":[191],"poultry,":[193],"cooking":[195],"oil":[196],"excessive.":[198],"Energy":[199],"protein":[201],"inadequate,":[204],"imbalanced":[206],"energy":[207],"contributions":[208],"carbohydrates":[210],"fats.":[212],"Micronutrient":[213],"deficiencies":[214],"widespread,":[216],"13.5":[218],"~":[219],"99.2%":[220],"individuals":[222],"falling":[223],"below":[224],"estimated":[226],"average":[227],"references,":[228],"particularly":[229],"VA,":[231],"VB":[232,235,238],"1":[233],",":[234,237,240],"6":[236],"9":[239],"calcium,":[241],"magnesium,":[242],"iodine.":[244],"These":[245],"challenges":[247],"more":[249],"severe":[250],"areas":[253],"than":[254],"areas.":[257,308],"Discussion":[258],"conclusion,":[260],"China":[271],"is":[272,303],"highly":[273],"imbalanced.":[274],"Even":[275],"supplements":[278],"survey,":[281],"many":[282],"lack":[285],"essential":[286],"nutrients.":[287],"A":[288],"scientific":[289],"nutrition":[290],"plan":[291],"should":[292],"be":[293],"developed":[294],"them,":[296],"diverse":[299],"diet":[302],"crucial,":[304],"especially":[305]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
