{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123399563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328325","title":"Pedalogical: Feedback Tool to Reduce Software Vulnerabilities in Non-Security Computer Science Courses","display_name":"Pedalogical: Feedback Tool to Reduce Software Vulnerabilities in Non-Security Computer Science Courses","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123399563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607793","display_name":"IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","issn_l":"0190-5848","issn":["0190-5848","2377-634X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043279780","display_name":"Andrew Logan Sanders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7158-0097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7158-0097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Cyber Science, Augusta University,Augusta,Georgia,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Cyber Science, Augusta University,Augusta,Georgia,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004483487","display_name":"Gursimran Walia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-6227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-6227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gursimran Singh Walia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Cyber Science, Augusta University,Augusta,Georgia,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Cyber Science, Augusta University,Augusta,Georgia,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082980045","display_name":"Lucas P. Cordova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9757-1755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9757-1755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141670070","display_name":"Willamette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04g9e0f44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141670070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Cordova","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Comp & Info Sciences, Willamette University,Salem,Oregon,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Comp & Info Sciences, Willamette University,Salem,Oregon,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141670070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121366529","display_name":"Teo Mendoza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7355-0794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7355-0794"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141670070","display_name":"Willamette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04g9e0f44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141670070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teo Mendoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Comp & Info Sciences, Willamette University,Salem,Oregon,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Comp & Info Sciences, Willamette University,Salem,Oregon,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141670070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64058074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.5907999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.5907999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.38749998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-vulnerability-detection","display_name":"software vulnerability detection","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-feedback","display_name":"AI-generated feedback","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-code-analysis","display_name":"static code analysis","score":0.8960000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22680326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444867","display_name":"Secure coding","level":5,"score":0.838699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7297999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6172000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5755000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172776598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7943570","display_name":"Vulnerability management","level":4,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76518257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271680","display_name":"Software framework","level":5,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779011557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911265","display_name":"Curriculum development","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607793","display_name":"IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","issn_l":"0190-5848","issn":["0190-5848","2377-634X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991896709","https://openalex.org/W2071398390","https://openalex.org/W2074236728","https://openalex.org/W2886077282","https://openalex.org/W2913144876","https://openalex.org/W3028701556","https://openalex.org/W3047686302","https://openalex.org/W3127782461","https://openalex.org/W4200090870","https://openalex.org/W4288083638","https://openalex.org/W4318069287","https://openalex.org/W4392186376","https://openalex.org/W4393208022","https://openalex.org/W4407950244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392186376","https://openalex.org/W4407950244","https://openalex.org/W4411374765","https://openalex.org/W7154582220","https://openalex.org/W2071398390","https://openalex.org/W7117369301","https://openalex.org/W4200090870","https://openalex.org/W7128820444","https://openalex.org/W4407950209","https://openalex.org/W3112797560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"full":[1],"research":[2],"paper":[3],"describes":[4],"our":[5],"proposed":[6,132],"software":[7,42,52,180],"vulnerability":[8,53,193],"analysis":[9,73,87,219],"and":[10,18,105,168,203,223,232,243],"feedback":[11,76,99,117,177,194],"pedagogical":[12],"tool":[13,88],"to":[14,96,118,147,152,170,174,189,196,214],"help":[15],"students":[16,36,120,202],"understand":[17],"reduce":[19],"the":[20,102,106,110,154,171,179],"vulnerabilities":[21,43,181,207],"introduced":[22],"in":[23,34,37,44,158,183,201,208],"their":[24,45,129,149,184],"produced":[25,83],"software.":[26],"Despite":[27],"a":[28,67,85,204],"growing":[29],"emphasis":[30],"on":[31,50,101,128,178],"secure":[32,61,79,198],"coding":[33,62,199],"education,":[35],"computing":[38],"courses":[39,139],"frequently":[40],"introduce":[41,65],"submissions.":[46,210],"Prior":[47],"work":[48],"focuses":[49],"developing":[51],"detection":[54],"tools":[55],"or":[56,124],"curriculum":[57,245],"changes":[58],"that":[59],"require":[60],"expertise.":[63],"We":[64],"Pedalogical,":[66],"web-based":[68],"platform":[69,173],"combining":[70],"code":[71,104,226],"security":[72],"with":[74,90,121],"AI-generated":[75,192],"for":[77,166,240],"improved":[78,197],"coding.":[80],"Feecback":[81],"is":[82,134,188,212],"using":[84],"static":[86,218],"supplemented":[89],"Large":[91],"Language":[92],"Model":[93],"(LLM)":[94],"responses":[95],"provide":[97,119],"tailored":[98],"based":[100],"student's":[103],"learning":[107,155],"outcomes":[108],"of":[109,116,206],"assignment.":[111],"Pedalogical":[112,172],"offers":[113],"varying":[114],"levels":[115],"actionable":[122],"fixes":[123],"conceptual":[125],"guidance":[126],"depending":[127],"proficiency.":[130],"A":[131],"study":[133],"discussed":[135],"across":[136],"multiple":[137],"CS":[138],"at":[140],"two":[141],"universities.":[142],"Students":[143],"would":[144,161],"be":[145,162,175,215],"asked":[146],"submit":[148],"course":[150],"assignments":[151],"both":[153],"management":[156],"system":[157],"which":[159],"they":[160],"graded":[163],"as":[164],"normal":[165],"functionality,":[167],"also":[169],"given":[176],"found":[182],"code.":[185],"The":[186],"goal":[187],"analyze":[190],"whether":[191],"leads":[195],"practices":[200],"reduction":[205],"assignment":[209],"Data":[211],"planned":[213],"collected":[216],"from":[217],"reports,":[220],"LLM":[221],"prompts":[222],"responses,":[224],"student":[225,229],"submission":[227],"diffs,":[228],"engagement":[230],"metrics,":[231],"pre/post-study":[233],"surveys.":[234],"Our":[235],"findings":[236],"could":[237],"have":[238],"implications":[239],"computer":[241],"science":[242],"cybersecurity":[244],"design.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}