{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123340534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","title":"Meningitis diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in rural, northern Uganda: 2015\u20132024","display_name":"Meningitis diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in rural, northern Uganda: 2015\u20132024","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123340534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41525300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231901","display_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","issn_l":"2767-3375","issn":["2767-3375"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045610090","display_name":"Abigail Link","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-1946","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-1946"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abigail Link","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America","MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-1946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047469165","display_name":"Mark Okwir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8452-313X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8452-313X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254691","display_name":"Lira University","ror":"https://ror.org/0249sb656","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["UG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Okwir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Lira University, Lira, Uganda","Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America","MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Lira University, Lira, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072604427","display_name":"Betty Nabongo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801656423","display_name":"Lira Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f6y6166","country_code":"UG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801656423","https://openalex.org/I4210092895"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Betty Nabongo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801656423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113222719","display_name":"Fred Okello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred Okello","raw_affiliation_strings":["MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071247319","display_name":"Jimmy Alal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801656423","display_name":"Lira Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f6y6166","country_code":"UG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801656423","https://openalex.org/I4210092895"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy Alal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801656423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064975634","display_name":"David B. Meya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8854-0321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8854-0321","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4138-240X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116188","display_name":"Infectious Diseases Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02caa0269","country_code":"UG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116188"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Meya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8854-0321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116188","https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064240631","display_name":"Paul R. Bohjanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-3597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-3597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul R. Bohjanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America","Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America","MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA-Rural Health Consortium, Lira, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045610090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"],"apc_list":{"value":2496,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2496},"apc_paid":{"value":2496,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2496},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02460224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"e0005800","last_page":"e0005800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningitis","display_name":"meningitis","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcal-meningitis","display_name":"cryptococcal meningitis","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningitis-diagnosis","display_name":"meningitis diagnosis","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-diagnosis","display_name":"molecular diagnosis","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcal-antigen-testing","display_name":"cryptococcal antigen detection","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-living-with-hiv","display_name":"people living with HIV","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-hospital-mortality","display_name":"in-hospital mortality","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-use","display_name":"antibiotic use","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningitis-belt","display_name":"meningitis belt","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-uganda","display_name":"Northern Uganda","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningitis-etiology","display_name":"meningitis etiology","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-sequencing","display_name":"deep sequencing","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-program-evaluation","display_name":"health program evaluation","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8288999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781026528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48143","display_name":"Meningitis","level":2,"score":0.8266000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.7660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777785397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492194","display_name":"Group B","level":2,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777208983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301664","display_name":"Viral meningitis","level":4,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908838209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890785","display_name":"Meningococcal meningitis","level":4,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45827449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270338","display_name":"Diagnosis code","level":3,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126265401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295544","display_name":"GeneXpert MTB/RIF","level":4,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780678043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743241","display_name":"Group A","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779629538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412223","display_name":"Amphotericin B","level":3,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019493264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470140","display_name":"Cryptococcal meningitis","level":4,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018430615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48143","display_name":"Bacterial meningitis","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231901","display_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","issn_l":"2767-3375","issn":["2767-3375"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41525300","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41525300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS global public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12795354","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41525300/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12795354/pdf/pgph.0005800.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Glob Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c42305f387142f1820800074706e81a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c42305f387142f1820800074706e81a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 6, Iss 1, p e0005800 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0005800&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231901","display_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","issn_l":"2767-3375","issn":["2767-3375"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5368334054946899}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2421824305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D43TW009345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2645398418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TW009345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3008912659","display_name":"Etiology and Outcomes of Meningitis in Rural, Northern Uganda","funder_award_id":"R21TW012439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4746872511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32AI055433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5911483926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32AI055433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309123","funder_display_name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6874715650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32AI055433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F3078854275","display_name":"Fulbright Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306139","display_name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymmdj85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309123","display_name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309636","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310246","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123340534.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123340534.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511703024","https://openalex.org/W1976256249","https://openalex.org/W1983263936","https://openalex.org/W2104353580","https://openalex.org/W2109663626","https://openalex.org/W2119878310","https://openalex.org/W2143206150","https://openalex.org/W2150492824","https://openalex.org/W2155330030","https://openalex.org/W2171665419","https://openalex.org/W2239037555","https://openalex.org/W2282056553","https://openalex.org/W2338843999","https://openalex.org/W2460625652","https://openalex.org/W2506110477","https://openalex.org/W2547713328","https://openalex.org/W2730233141","https://openalex.org/W2757229829","https://openalex.org/W2789856846","https://openalex.org/W2889457421","https://openalex.org/W2892187955","https://openalex.org/W2918909198","https://openalex.org/W2953017819","https://openalex.org/W2963187443","https://openalex.org/W2971177498","https://openalex.org/W2981412762","https://openalex.org/W2998865775","https://openalex.org/W2998918153","https://openalex.org/W3015243301","https://openalex.org/W3034873413","https://openalex.org/W3041512338","https://openalex.org/W3041806528","https://openalex.org/W3130451557","https://openalex.org/W3158372539","https://openalex.org/W3179309957","https://openalex.org/W3193118704","https://openalex.org/W3215304567","https://openalex.org/W4210462663","https://openalex.org/W4280569146","https://openalex.org/W4285803021","https://openalex.org/W4309656609","https://openalex.org/W4328048983","https://openalex.org/W4387262050"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Meningitis":[0,145],"affects":[1],"over":[2,81],"2.5":[3],"million":[4],"people":[5,223],"worldwide,":[6],"primarily":[7],"within":[8],"resource-limited":[9],"regions":[10],"of":[11,15,49,55,60,100,218,284,308],"the":[12,53,104,113],"meningitis":[13,23,38,50,119,159,219,288],"belt":[14],"Africa.":[16],"In":[17,35,177],"2017,":[18],"we":[19],"implemented":[20],"a":[21,37,64,93],"cryptococcal":[22],"(CM)":[24],"diagnosis":[25,39,57,146],"and":[26,40,58,106,125,130,142,147,172,205,268,290],"treatment":[27,41,59,126],"program":[28,42],"(CM-DTP)":[29],"designed":[30],"to":[31,45,51,75,153,232,253,257,260,276],"improve":[32],"CM":[33],"outcomes.":[34],"2021,":[36],"(MEN-DTP)":[43],"began":[44],"include":[46],"all":[47],"etiologies":[48,181,217],"assess":[52],"impact":[54],"expanded":[56,134],"meningitis.":[61],"We":[62],"conducted":[63],"retrospective":[65],"study":[66],"utilizing":[67],"clinical":[68],"records":[69],"from":[70,250],"1443":[71],"adult":[72],"patients":[73,91,102,111],"admitted":[74],"Lira":[76],"Regional":[77],"Referral":[78],"Hospital":[79],"(LRRH)":[80],"three":[82],"time":[83],"periods":[84],"between":[85],"2015-2024.":[86],"Group":[87,97,107,115,121,131,166,170,175,178,240,251,254,261],"1":[88,116,252],"included":[89,109],"321":[90],"in":[92,163,165,169,174,239,265,294],"historical":[94],"control":[95],"group;":[96],"2":[98,122,267],"consisted":[99],"890":[101],"during":[103,112],"CM-DTP":[105],"3":[108,132,255],"232":[110],"MEN-DTP.":[114],"received":[117,123,133],"routine":[118],"care,":[120],"testing":[124],"focused":[127],"on":[128,185],"CM,":[129],"diagnostic":[135],"testing,":[136],"including":[137],"gram":[138],"stain,":[139],"culture,":[140],"PCR-":[141],"antigen-based":[143],"testing.":[144],"in-hospital":[148],"mortality":[149,263,274],"outcomes":[150],"were":[151,182,220],"assessed":[152],"evaluate":[154],"our":[155],"programs.":[156],"A":[157],"confirmed":[158,180,216,300],"etiology":[160],"was":[161],"found":[162],"13.7%":[164],"1,":[167,262],"20.7%":[168],"2,":[171],"42.2%":[173],"3.":[176,241,269],"3,":[179],"identified":[183,221],"based":[184],"culture":[186],"(n":[187,192,197,202,211,228,236],"=":[188,193,198,203,212,229,237],"30),":[189],"Pastorex":[190],"LA":[191],"23),":[194],"BioFire":[195],"PCR":[196],"56),":[199],"GeneXpert":[200],"Ultra":[201],"14),":[204],"serum":[206],"or":[207],"CSF":[208],"CrAg":[209],"LFA":[210],"53).":[213],"Overall,":[214,270],"more":[215],"among":[222],"living":[224],"with":[225,245,296],"HIV":[226,235,279],"(PLWH)":[227],"319)":[230],"compared":[231,275],"those":[233,277,295],"without":[234,278],"22)":[238],"Antibiotic":[242],"use":[243,248],"increased":[244,273,287,299],"pre-admission":[246],"antibiotic":[247],"doubling":[249],"(10.6%":[256],"27.2%).":[258],"Compared":[259],"improved":[264,291],"Groups":[266],"PLWH":[271],"had":[272],"(32.4%":[280],"vs.":[281],"13.3%).":[282],"Introduction":[283],"molecular":[285],"diagnostics":[286],"diagnoses":[289],"outcomes,":[292],"particularly":[293],"CM.":[297],"MEN-DTP":[298],"diagnoses,":[301],"yet":[302],"half":[303],"remained":[304],"undiagnosed,":[305],"supporting":[306],"investigation":[307],"deep":[309],"sequencing":[310],"technologies.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
