{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123340208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16020195","title":"The Impact of Agricultural Infrastructure on Carbon Reduction in Grain Production: A Comparative Study of Different Agricultural Infrastructure Types","display_name":"The Impact of Agricultural Infrastructure on Carbon Reduction in Grain Production: A Comparative Study of Different Agricultural Infrastructure Types","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123340208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16020195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture16020195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16020195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16020195","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/16/2/195/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/16/2/195/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134227848","display_name":"Mingtao Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8557-6334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8557-6334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingtao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8557-6334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090008841","display_name":"Ling Fei Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090008841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":1.8698,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81533931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"195","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13691","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Agriculture Analysis","score":0.5288000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13691","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Agriculture Analysis","score":0.5288000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.11169999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.061000000685453415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-infrastructure","display_name":"agricultural infrastructure","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-emission-reduction","display_name":"carbon emission reduction","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-production","display_name":"grain production","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-agriculture","display_name":"digital agriculture","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-transportation-infrastructure","display_name":"rural transportation infrastructure","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-intensity","display_name":"carbon intensity","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planting-structure-optimization","display_name":"planting structure optimization","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-progress","display_name":"technological progress","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-heterogeneity","display_name":"regional heterogeneity","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice","display_name":"rice","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.7283999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992037450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625083","display_name":"Water infrastructure","level":3,"score":0.5534999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176205827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5435593","display_name":"Farm water","level":4,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47136581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000047","display_name":"Agricultural machinery","level":3,"score":0.3750999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22884784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15305550","display_name":"Carbon sequestration","level":3,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257917","display_name":"Public infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502990516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3395383","display_name":"Agricultural land","level":3,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780057273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427027","display_name":"Green infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989357034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7590","display_name":"Transportation infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97053079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water supply","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture16020195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16020195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16020195","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/16/2/195/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6669b96cc71a4dd381c4d6cdda1461dc","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6669b96cc71a4dd381c4d6cdda1461dc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture, Vol 16, Iss 2, p 195 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture16020195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16020195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16020195","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/16/2/195/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.45405852794647217}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2819532987","display_name":"\u57ce\u5e02\u94dc\u77ff\u4ea7\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u5206\u5e03\u683c\u5c40\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123340208.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123340208.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"extant":[1],"literature":[2],"has":[3],"thoroughly":[4],"investigated":[5],"carbon":[6,36,63],"mitigation":[7],"in":[8,39,85,204],"grain":[9,40],"production":[10,41,176],"and":[11,53,81,98,106,113,120,142,156,166,184,195,211],"agricultural":[12,32,59,73,78,103,117,139,153,163,167,181,205],"infrastructure\u2019s":[13],"yield":[14],"effects,":[15],"significant":[16,171],"knowledge":[17],"gaps":[18],"remain":[19],"regarding":[20],"their":[21],"synergistic":[22],"pathways":[23],"for":[24,193],"emission":[25,37],"reduction.":[26,101],"This":[27],"empirical":[28],"study":[29],"examines":[30],"how":[31],"infrastructure":[33,60,80,105,108,119,123,141,155,165,169,183,188,214],"contributes":[34],"to":[35,48],"reduction":[38],"across":[42],"30":[43],"Chinese":[44],"provinces":[45],"from":[46,138,152],"2009":[47],"2023.":[49],"Using":[50],"two-way":[51],"fixed-effects":[52],"mediation-effect":[54],"models,":[55],"we":[56],"demonstrate":[57,170],"that":[58],"significantly":[61],"inhibits":[62],"emissions":[64,172],"intensity,":[65],"with":[66],"effects":[67,151,192],"varying":[68],"by":[69],"type":[70],"of":[71],"infrastructure:":[72],"water":[74,104,118,140,154,164,182,206],"infrastructure,":[75,77,84,145,207],"digital":[76,107,157,185,209],"power":[79,168],"rural":[82,121,143],"transportation":[83,122,144],"descending":[86],"order.":[87],"We":[88],"identify":[89],"three":[90],"key":[91],"mechanisms:":[92],"planting":[93],"structure":[94],"optimization,":[95],"technological":[96,114],"progress,":[97],"disaster":[99,126],"incidence":[100],"Specifically,":[102],"operate":[109],"through":[110,125],"structural":[111],"improvement":[112],"advancement,":[115],"while":[116,146],"function":[124],"mitigation.":[127],"Heterogeneity":[128],"analysis":[129],"reveals":[130],"distinct":[131],"regional":[132],"patterns:":[133],"northern":[134],"regions":[135,148,177],"benefit":[136],"more":[137,179],"southern":[147],"show":[149],"stronger":[150],"infrastructure.":[158,186],"In":[159],"major":[160],"grain-producing":[161],"areas,":[162],"reduction,":[173],"whereas":[174],"non-core":[175],"rely":[178],"on":[180],"Additionally,":[187],"generates":[189],"greater":[190],"yield-enhancing":[191],"rice":[194],"wheat":[196],"versus":[197],"corn.":[198],"Policy":[199],"implications":[200],"include":[201],"strengthening":[202],"investments":[203],"promoting":[208],"agriculture,":[210],"developing":[212],"region-specific":[213],"strategies.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
