{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123338006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etecom66111.2025.11319017","title":"AI-Driven Multi-Level Delta-Sigma Modulator for Software Defined Radios in 6G","display_name":"AI-Driven Multi-Level Delta-Sigma Modulator for Software Defined Radios in 6G","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123338006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etecom66111.2025.11319017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etecom66111.2025.11319017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etecom66111.2025.11319017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etecom66111.2025.11319017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407096411","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Computing (ETECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Computing (ETECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011564205","display_name":"Fahmi Elsayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-9907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-9907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahmi Elsayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122866771","display_name":"Mohammad Salman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036747360","display_name":"Ahmed Younes Shdefat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2221-2170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2221-2170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Shdefat","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016748669","display_name":"Mostafa Rashdan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-8963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-8963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Rashdan","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085619466","display_name":"Ahmed A. F. Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-9514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-9514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057973969","display_name":"Nour Mostafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-1502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-1502"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nour Mostafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait,54200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50801392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigma-delta-modulator","display_name":"sigma-delta modulator","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-quantization","display_name":"multilevel quantization","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"software-defined radio","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6g-networks","display_name":"6G","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-reinforcement-learning","display_name":"deep reinforcement learning","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-quantization","display_name":"adaptive quantization","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"noise shaping","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-to-analog-conversion","display_name":"digital-to-analog conversion","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"cognitive radio","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-optimization","display_name":"dynamic optimization","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6444000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138916503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2714551","display_name":"Link adaptation","level":4,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46889999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57890076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680725","display_name":"Adaptive coding","level":4,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etecom66111.2025.11319017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etecom66111.2025.11319017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etecom66111.2025.11319017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407096411","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Computing (ETECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Computing (ETECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2796257214","https://openalex.org/W2898035736","https://openalex.org/W2920051226","https://openalex.org/W3110695531","https://openalex.org/W3169600468","https://openalex.org/W3180815941","https://openalex.org/W4226524022","https://openalex.org/W4292187374","https://openalex.org/W4323046892","https://openalex.org/W4387607513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411532227","https://openalex.org/W4416557673","https://openalex.org/W7163132915","https://openalex.org/W4416416385","https://openalex.org/W4221082559","https://openalex.org/W7166809129","https://openalex.org/W7147541945","https://openalex.org/W7220735811","https://openalex.org/W7162101231","https://openalex.org/W7169526529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,112],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"AI-driven":[4,50],"multi-level":[5,51],"Delta-Sigma":[6],"Modulator":[7],"(DSM)":[8],"for":[9,117],"Software":[10],"Defined":[11],"Radios":[12],"(SDRs)":[13],"in":[14,107,120,130],"6G":[15,109],"environments.":[16,111],"By":[17],"leveraging":[18],"advanced":[19],"artificial":[20],"intelligence":[21],"techniques,":[22],"the":[23,29,75,91,125],"proposed":[24],"DSM":[25],"dynamically":[26],"selects":[27],"both":[28],"optimal":[30],"quantization":[31],"levels":[32],"and":[33,41,59,87,104],"their":[34],"corresponding":[35],"values,":[36],"significantly":[37],"enhancing":[38],"coding":[39,82],"efficiency":[40,83],"signal-to-noise":[42],"ratio":[43],"(SNR).":[44],"The":[45],"architecture":[46],"integrates":[47],"signal":[48],"input,":[49],"quantization,":[52],"noise":[53,86],"shaping,":[54],"digital-to-analog":[55],"conversion,":[56],"feedback":[57],"loop,":[58],"adaptive":[60],"control,":[61],"demonstrating":[62],"substantial":[63],"performance":[64],"improvements":[65],"under":[66],"varying":[67],"channel":[68],"conditions.":[69],"Extensive":[70],"simulation":[71],"results":[72],"confirm":[73],"that":[74],"model":[76],"achieves":[77],"superior":[78],"adaptability,":[79],"maintaining":[80],"high":[81],"across":[84],"different":[85],"interference":[88],"scenarios.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"integration":[92],"of":[93,128],"deep":[94],"reinforcement":[95],"learning":[96],"enables":[97],"real-time":[98],"dynamic":[99],"optimization,":[100],"ensuring":[101],"system":[102],"stability":[103],"robustness":[105],"even":[106],"harsh":[108],"communication":[110],"work":[113],"sets":[114],"a":[115],"foundation":[116],"future":[118],"advancements":[119],"cognitive":[121],"SDR":[122],"systems,":[123],"highlighting":[124],"transformative":[126],"role":[127],"AI":[129],"next-generation":[131],"wireless":[132],"technologies.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
