{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123336697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","title":"A longitudinal study of student wellbeing in Singapore secondary schools using the PERMA framework","display_name":"A longitudinal study of student wellbeing in Singapore secondary schools using the PERMA framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123336697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","pdf_url":"https://internationaljournalofwellbeing.org/index.php/ijow/article/download/5319/1305/19113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764540158","display_name":"International Journal of Wellbeing","issn_l":"1179-8602","issn":["1179-8602"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318611","host_organization_name":"International Journal of Wellbeing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318611"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Journal of Wellbeing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Wellbeing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://internationaljournalofwellbeing.org/index.php/ijow/article/download/5319/1305/19113","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046196860","display_name":"Kah Loong Chue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-7956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-7956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kah Loong Chue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University , Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-7956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015513049","display_name":"Amelia Yeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-8741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-8741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194744927","display_name":"National Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhgbp51","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I194744927"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amelia Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University , Singapore","Psychology and Child & Human Development Department , National Institute of Education , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-8741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology and Child & Human Development Department , National Institute of Education , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I194744927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012100410","display_name":"Youyan Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-454X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-454X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youyan Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University , Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-454X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122864348","display_name":"Christel Chung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christel Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-9675","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2078,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88144893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14085","display_name":"Student Stress and Coping","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13353","display_name":"Flow Experience in Various Fields","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-well-being","display_name":"student well-being","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perma-model","display_name":"PERMA model","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-psychology","display_name":"positive psychology","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-trends","display_name":"longitudinal trends","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-emotions","display_name":"positive emotions","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-relationships","display_name":"positive relationships","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engagement","display_name":"engagement","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-context","display_name":"cultural context","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singapore-education-system","display_name":"Singapore education system","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-development","display_name":"adolescent development","score":0.40799999237060547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7455999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7013999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983454672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14623204","display_name":"Secondary education","level":2,"score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12505134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718809","display_name":"Positive psychology","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776420229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7981051","display_name":"Well-being","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019417119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773974","display_name":"Secondary prevention","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","pdf_url":"https://internationaljournalofwellbeing.org/index.php/ijow/article/download/5319/1305/19113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764540158","display_name":"International Journal of Wellbeing","issn_l":"1179-8602","issn":["1179-8602"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318611","host_organization_name":"International Journal of Wellbeing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318611"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Journal of Wellbeing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Wellbeing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nie.edu.sg:10497/30894","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407063280","display_name":"NIE Digital Repository (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v16i1.5319","pdf_url":"https://internationaljournalofwellbeing.org/index.php/ijow/article/download/5319/1305/19113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764540158","display_name":"International Journal of Wellbeing","issn_l":"1179-8602","issn":["1179-8602"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318611","host_organization_name":"International Journal of Wellbeing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318611"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Journal of Wellbeing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Wellbeing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.766700029373169}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123336697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123336697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W235916382","https://openalex.org/W607518649","https://openalex.org/W1966603703","https://openalex.org/W1968949886","https://openalex.org/W1969419515","https://openalex.org/W1974401384","https://openalex.org/W1985045334","https://openalex.org/W2010553342","https://openalex.org/W2018919931","https://openalex.org/W2019655958","https://openalex.org/W2058186330","https://openalex.org/W2065601846","https://openalex.org/W2076523818","https://openalex.org/W2102090228","https://openalex.org/W2107703212","https://openalex.org/W2134031328","https://openalex.org/W2140425406","https://openalex.org/W2146143314","https://openalex.org/W2148540129","https://openalex.org/W2152462550","https://openalex.org/W2171645188","https://openalex.org/W2292707114","https://openalex.org/W2553850138","https://openalex.org/W2593457946","https://openalex.org/W2667245041","https://openalex.org/W2773818912","https://openalex.org/W2792485938","https://openalex.org/W2887005124","https://openalex.org/W2889446438","https://openalex.org/W2943092162","https://openalex.org/W2949392115","https://openalex.org/W2969917451","https://openalex.org/W2990306800","https://openalex.org/W3010418415","https://openalex.org/W3016568625","https://openalex.org/W3036583532","https://openalex.org/W3040827960","https://openalex.org/W3048069464","https://openalex.org/W3095456124","https://openalex.org/W3096600971","https://openalex.org/W3101977735","https://openalex.org/W3113349726","https://openalex.org/W3114507875","https://openalex.org/W3176379846","https://openalex.org/W3217373501","https://openalex.org/W4214925577","https://openalex.org/W4233063962","https://openalex.org/W4255706193","https://openalex.org/W4281484533","https://openalex.org/W4285171239","https://openalex.org/W4285255432","https://openalex.org/W4288050623","https://openalex.org/W4309347089","https://openalex.org/W4313543492","https://openalex.org/W4317494594","https://openalex.org/W4365145531","https://openalex.org/W4385336477","https://openalex.org/W4392555302","https://openalex.org/W4399293622","https://openalex.org/W4400466674","https://openalex.org/W4401121194","https://openalex.org/W4406113902","https://openalex.org/W4411191298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285255432","https://openalex.org/W4365145531","https://openalex.org/W3107144297","https://openalex.org/W7197662806","https://openalex.org/W7130782599","https://openalex.org/W7212228962","https://openalex.org/W2943092162","https://openalex.org/W2494877195","https://openalex.org/W591924795","https://openalex.org/W2792124009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Student":[0],"wellbeing":[1,15,66,102,246],"has":[2],"gained":[3],"prominence":[4],"in":[5,107,110,120,129,177,207,265,276],"recent":[6],"educational":[7,78,269],"policy":[8],"discourse.":[9],"Thus,":[10],"conducting":[11],"an":[12,74,175],"examination":[13],"of":[14,31,50,126,160,180,194,226,231,239],"trends":[16,103],"across":[17,148,215],"the":[18,29,48,58,96,138,161,178,192,196,224,237,248],"schooling":[19],"years":[20,250],"is":[21,54,251],"vital":[22],"as":[23],"it":[24,53],"can":[25],"inform":[26],"educators":[27],"on":[28,88,254],"effectiveness":[30],"current":[32,93],"programs":[33],"and":[34,65,104,183,234,256,268],"to":[35,56,99,117,137,155,170,272],"pinpoint":[36],"specific":[37,260],"timeframes":[38],"for":[39,72,186,275],"targeted":[40],"interventions.":[41],"To":[42],"make":[43],"meaningful":[44],"global":[45],"statements":[46],"about":[47],"patterns":[49],"student":[51,90,101,278],"wellbeing,":[52],"essential":[55],"consider":[57],"findings":[59,144,243],"arising":[60],"from":[61,152,167],"different":[62,266],"cultural":[63,257],"contexts":[64],"metrics.":[67],"Singapore":[68],"offers":[69],"a":[70,86,114,146],"compellingcase":[71],"such":[73],"investigation":[75],"given":[76],"its":[77],"landscape":[79],"that":[80,245],"combines":[81],"high-stakes":[82],"national":[83],"examinations":[84],"with":[85,223],"focus":[87],"holistic":[89],"development.":[91],"The":[92,123,133,143,242],"study":[94],"uses":[95],"PERMA":[97,150,162,197,217],"framework":[98],"analyse":[100],"gender":[105,213],"differences":[106,214],"secondary":[108,153,156,168,171,200,208,240],"schools":[109],"Singapore,":[111],"therefore":[112],"offering":[113],"comparative":[115],"account":[116],"studies":[118],"conducted":[119],"other":[121],"countries.":[122],"sample":[124],"consisted":[125],"2,881":[127],"students":[128,139,264],"11":[130],"government":[131],"schools.":[132],"m-PERMA-Profiler":[134],"was":[135,174],"administered":[136],"over":[140],"three":[141,201],"years.":[142],"indicate":[145,244],"decline":[147],"all":[149,195],"elements":[151,163,198,218],"one":[154],"two,":[157],"while":[158],"most":[159,216,220],"remained":[164],"relatively":[165],"stable":[166],"two":[169],"three.":[172,241],"There":[173,210],"increase":[176],"level":[179,193],"positive":[181,184,232],"emotions":[182,233],"relationships":[185],"boys":[187,227],"during":[188,247],"this":[189],"period.":[190],"However,":[191],"at":[199,219,236],"were":[202,211],"still":[203],"statistically":[204],"lower":[205],"than":[206],"one.":[209],"no":[212],"time":[221],"points,":[222],"exception":[225],"exhibiting":[228],"higher":[229],"levels":[230],"engagement":[235],"beginning":[238],"adolescent":[249],"heavily":[252],"dependent":[253],"context":[255],"factors,":[258],"hence":[259],"milestones":[261],"faced":[262],"by":[263],"countries":[267],"systems":[270],"need":[271],"be":[273],"accounted":[274],"assessing":[277],"wellbeing.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}