{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123336347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","title":"Nuclear Operations with a High Penetration of Renewables: The Case of France","display_name":"Nuclear Operations with a High Penetration of Renewables: The Case of France","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123336347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w34662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070103206","display_name":"Nicolas Astier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0601-0958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0601-0958"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Astier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0601-0958","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039996292","display_name":"Frank A. Wolak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-223X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-223X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank A. Wolak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.1599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-energy","display_name":"nuclear energy","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-integration","display_name":"renewable energy integration","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy","display_name":"wind energy","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"solar energy","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-following","display_name":"load following","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/day-ahead-electricity-prices","display_name":"day-ahead electricity prices","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-reliability","display_name":"power system reliability","score":0.8090000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175349315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938123","display_name":"Nuclear decommissioning","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513653683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12739","display_name":"Nuclear power","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.218299999833107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.1923000067472458}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w34662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6063222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6063222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6063222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:halshs-05477368v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/halshs-05477368v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w34662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w34662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.821399986743927},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325764","display_name":"Tokyo Center for Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04zxmzw68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331366","display_name":"Toulouse School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/00ff5f522"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123336347.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123336347.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801201807","https://openalex.org/W4415109470","https://openalex.org/W2793448710","https://openalex.org/W2346588896","https://openalex.org/W4220836254","https://openalex.org/W4292281177","https://openalex.org/W3034969529","https://openalex.org/W2340042049","https://openalex.org/W3188421417","https://openalex.org/W3138816224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nuclear":[0],"and":[1,5,60],"intermittent":[2],"renewables":[3],"(wind":[4],"solar)":[6],"are":[7,56,113,140],"generally":[8],"regarded":[9],"as":[10,117],"the":[11,18,47,62,73],"only":[12],"scalable":[13],"technologies":[14,23],"producing":[15],"low-carbon":[16],"electricity.However,":[17],"extent":[19],"to":[20,40,67,72,128],"which":[21,134],"these":[22],"can":[24,36],"co-exist":[25],"in":[26],"a":[27,98,103],"reliable":[28],"power":[29,49],"system":[30],"depends":[31],"on":[32],"whether":[33],"nuclear":[34,54,136],"units":[35,55,125],"adjust":[37],"their":[38],"operations":[39],"renewable":[41,119],"output":[42,111],"fluctuations.Using":[43],"hourly":[44,144],"data":[45],"from":[46],"French":[48],"system,":[50],"we":[51,87],"find":[52,88,107],"that":[53,61,89,108],"operated":[57],"quite":[58],"flexibly,":[59],"foregone":[63],"energy":[64],"production":[65],"due":[66],"\"load":[68],"following\"":[69],"actions":[70],"(relative":[71],"counterfactual":[74],"of":[75,102],"operating":[76],"at":[77],"full":[78],"capacity":[79],"during":[80,133],"load":[81,92],"following":[82,93],"events)":[83],"is":[84,95],"currently":[85],"limited.However,":[86],"an":[90],"additional":[91],"event":[94],"associated":[96,141],"with":[97,142],"slightly":[99],"higher":[100],"likelihood":[101],"unit":[104],"failure.We":[105],"also":[106],"unit-level":[109],"minimum":[110],"constraints":[112],"binding":[114],"more":[115],"frequently":[116],"system-wide":[118],"generation":[120],"increases,":[121],"especially":[122],"so":[123],"for":[124],"most":[126],"exposed":[127],"solar":[129],"generation.In":[130],"2024,":[131],"hours":[132],"available":[135],"flexibility":[137],"was":[138],"exhausted":[139],"non-positive":[143],"day-ahead":[145],"prices.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
