{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7122586899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010047","title":"Insulin Resistance in Bipolar Disorder: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Insulin Resistance in Bipolar Disorder: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7122586899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010047","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41590539","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12843439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jpm16010047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/16/1/47/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736780684","display_name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","issn_l":"2075-4426","issn":["2075-4426"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/16/1/47/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081791105","display_name":"Andrea Aguglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-2101","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-2101"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146472","display_name":"Ospedale Policlinico San Martino","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7es448","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146472","https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4405264730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Aguglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-2101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050667747","display_name":"Matteo Meinero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Meinero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122789350","display_name":"Valentina Aprile","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Aprile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117799654","display_name":"Tommaso Cerisola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommaso Cerisola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000666338","display_name":"Mazzarello Gp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuditta Mazzarello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122750218","display_name":"Angelo Oggianu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146472","display_name":"Ospedale Policlinico San Martino","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7es448","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146472","https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4405264730"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Oggianu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046417716","display_name":"Alessandra Costanza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-6462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-6462"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57201433","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4atk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Costanza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland","Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University (UNIGE), 24 Rue du General-Dufour, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-6462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University (UNIGE), 24 Rue du General-Dufour, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016977611","display_name":"Mario Amore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-2192","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-2192"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Amore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071414505","display_name":"Andrea Amerio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3439-340X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3439-340X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146472","display_name":"Ospedale Policlinico San Martino","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7es448","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146472","https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4405264730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Amerio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3439-340X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074977948","display_name":"Gianluca Serafini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-856X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-856X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146472","display_name":"Ospedale Policlinico San Martino","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7es448","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146472","https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4405264730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Serafini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-856X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081791105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146472","https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":14.1115,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98513318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"47","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-dysfunction","display_name":"metabolic dysfunction","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homa-ir","display_name":"HOMA-IR","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-duration","display_name":"disease duration","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-hospitalization","display_name":"psychiatric hospitalization","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polypharmacy","display_name":"polypharmacy","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglycerides","display_name":"triglycerides","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-screening","display_name":"metabolic screening","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-psychiatry","display_name":"precision psychiatry","score":0.9190000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8166999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6087999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36434225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895998","display_name":"Polypharmacy","level":2,"score":0.5622000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4505999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351083","display_name":"Metabolic disorder","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202758","display_name":"Hypoglycemia","level":3,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910604615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar illness","level":5,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018380654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572348","display_name":"Fasting glucose","level":4,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jpm16010047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/16/1/47/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736780684","display_name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","issn_l":"2075-4426","issn":["2075-4426"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41590539","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41590539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of personalized medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12843439","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12843439/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Pers Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.iris.cineca.it:11567/1286076","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1286076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jpm16010047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/16/1/47/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736780684","display_name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","issn_l":"2075-4426","issn":["2075-4426"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7122586899.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7122586899.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144577177","https://openalex.org/W1553642515","https://openalex.org/W1951489781","https://openalex.org/W1984344128","https://openalex.org/W2000054651","https://openalex.org/W2001946273","https://openalex.org/W2016795978","https://openalex.org/W2021262492","https://openalex.org/W2038686627","https://openalex.org/W2040181124","https://openalex.org/W2051188713","https://openalex.org/W2053200285","https://openalex.org/W2063598898","https://openalex.org/W2078035790","https://openalex.org/W2097981903","https://openalex.org/W2130064617","https://openalex.org/W2142476463","https://openalex.org/W2143104968","https://openalex.org/W2165435051","https://openalex.org/W2226473175","https://openalex.org/W2290427123","https://openalex.org/W2295248411","https://openalex.org/W2345293672","https://openalex.org/W2481798045","https://openalex.org/W2572252150","https://openalex.org/W2790941423","https://openalex.org/W2886160423","https://openalex.org/W2898540631","https://openalex.org/W2966857659","https://openalex.org/W2982167270","https://openalex.org/W2982423055","https://openalex.org/W3025479624","https://openalex.org/W3048783488","https://openalex.org/W3080840043","https://openalex.org/W3087653702","https://openalex.org/W3093913648","https://openalex.org/W3094760005","https://openalex.org/W3116545793","https://openalex.org/W3130864686","https://openalex.org/W3134111071","https://openalex.org/W3165103130","https://openalex.org/W3186181241","https://openalex.org/W3200263151","https://openalex.org/W3204839307","https://openalex.org/W4200063783","https://openalex.org/W4200253795","https://openalex.org/W4200507756","https://openalex.org/W4206823953","https://openalex.org/W4212909356","https://openalex.org/W4281687410","https://openalex.org/W4282944383","https://openalex.org/W4292528167","https://openalex.org/W4298088349","https://openalex.org/W4307288876","https://openalex.org/W4362632572","https://openalex.org/W4365150871","https://openalex.org/W4366606540","https://openalex.org/W4377098012","https://openalex.org/W4383875584","https://openalex.org/W4387569407","https://openalex.org/W4388209421","https://openalex.org/W4391100138","https://openalex.org/W4391850383","https://openalex.org/W4392203970","https://openalex.org/W4394006731","https://openalex.org/W4395011404","https://openalex.org/W4398240580","https://openalex.org/W4399298157","https://openalex.org/W4400381749","https://openalex.org/W4401378188","https://openalex.org/W4404040066","https://openalex.org/W4404827336","https://openalex.org/W4404845165","https://openalex.org/W4407507775","https://openalex.org/W4408777577","https://openalex.org/W4409900316","https://openalex.org/W4410109022","https://openalex.org/W4410407729","https://openalex.org/W4412521420","https://openalex.org/W4413440548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366606540","https://openalex.org/W4398240580","https://openalex.org/W2943285041","https://openalex.org/W2082705085","https://openalex.org/W2358781445","https://openalex.org/W2067295963","https://openalex.org/W2115281234","https://openalex.org/W2790941423","https://openalex.org/W4414830197","https://openalex.org/W2054515970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Bipolar":[1],"disorder":[2],"(BD)":[3],"is":[4,38,166],"increasingly":[5],"recognized":[6],"as":[7,92],"a":[8,61,93,109,206,214],"multisystem":[9],"condition":[10],"in":[11,46,174,187],"which":[12],"metabolic":[13,84,185,216,219],"abnormalities,":[14],"particularly":[15],"insulin":[16],"resistance":[17],"(IR),":[18],"may":[19,204,229],"be":[20],"linked":[21],"to":[22,32,193],"illness":[23,112,172],"severity":[24],"and":[25,40,42,78,83,118,135,151,156,196,221,233],"neuroprogression.":[26],"Despite":[27],"growing":[28],"evidence":[29],"linking":[30],"IR":[31,89,141,165,203],"adverse":[33],"clinical":[34],"outcomes,":[35],"the":[36,67,140,222,236],"data":[37],"heterogeneous":[39],"preliminary,":[41],"its":[43],"specific":[44],"association":[45],"hospitalized":[47],"patients":[48,100,107],"with":[49,60,64,146,168,181,235],"BD":[50,65,211],"remains":[51],"underexplored.":[52],"Methods:":[53],"This":[54],"cross-sectional":[55],"study":[56],"included":[57],"86":[58],"inpatients":[59],"primary":[62],"diagnosis":[63],"at":[66,133],"IRCCS":[68],"Ospedale":[69],"Policlinico":[70],"San":[71],"Martino,":[72],"Genoa,":[73],"Italy,":[74],"between":[75],"July":[76],"2023":[77],"January":[79],"2024.":[80],"Sociodemographic,":[81],"clinical,":[82],"characteristics":[85],"were":[86],"systematically":[87],"investigated.":[88],"was":[90,143],"defined":[91],"HOMA-IR":[94],"index":[95,150],"\u2265":[96],"2.5.":[97],"Results:":[98],"Twenty-eight":[99],"met":[101],"criteria":[102],"for":[103],"IR.":[104],"Insulin":[105],"resistant":[106],"showed":[108],"significantly":[110,144],"longer":[111],"duration,":[113],"more":[114],"frequent":[115],"residual":[116],"symptoms,":[117],"higher":[119,147],"rates":[120],"of":[121,170,210,225,239],"\u22655":[122],"lifetime":[123],"psychiatric":[124],"hospitalizations.":[125],"They":[126],"also":[127],"exhibited":[128],"greater":[129,171],"polypharmacy":[130],"(\u22654":[131],"psychotropics":[132],"discharge)":[134],"daily":[136],"alcohol":[137],"use.":[138],"Furthermore,":[139],"subgroup":[142],"associated":[145,167],"body":[148],"mass":[149],"triglycerides,":[152],"lower":[153],"HDL":[154],"cholesterol":[155],"physical":[157],"activity":[158],"levels.":[159],"Conclusions:":[160],"Our":[161],"findings":[162],"indicate":[163],"that":[164,202],"markers":[169],"burden":[173],"BD.":[175],"While":[176],"these":[177],"results":[178],"are":[179,191],"consistent":[180],"emerging":[182,237],"hypotheses":[183],"on":[184],"dysfunction":[186],"BD,":[188],"longitudinal":[189],"studies":[190],"required":[192],"clarify":[194],"temporal":[195],"causal":[197],"relationships.":[198],"These":[199],"associations":[200],"suggest":[201],"represent":[205],"clinically":[207],"relevant":[208],"component":[209],"rather":[212],"than":[213],"secondary":[215],"consequence.":[217],"Routine":[218],"screening":[220],"preferential":[223],"use":[224],"metabolically":[226],"neutral":[227],"agents":[228],"improve":[230],"long-term":[231],"outcomes":[232],"align":[234],"paradigm":[238],"precision":[240],"psychiatry.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-01-13T00:00:00"}
