{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7122475137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","title":"Bayesian optimization-guided closed-loop morphology optimization of block copolymer blends via synchrotron X-ray scattering","display_name":"Bayesian optimization-guided closed-loop morphology optimization of block copolymer blends via synchrotron X-ray scattering","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7122475137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-026-00658-x_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223376","display_name":"npj Flexible Electronics","issn_l":"2397-4621","issn":["2397-4621"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Flexible Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-026-00658-x_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122831279","display_name":"Yunfei Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152530","display_name":"Advanced Light Source","ror":"https://ror.org/00319zh75","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44854399","display_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","ror":"https://ror.org/0270vfa57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120096447","display_name":"Raja Vyshnavi Sriramoju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9581-6073","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9581-6073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152530","display_name":"Advanced Light Source","ror":"https://ror.org/00319zh75","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raja Vyshnavi Sriramoju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122138685","display_name":"Saroj Upreti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44854399","display_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","ror":"https://ror.org/0270vfa57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saroj Upreti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066050175","display_name":"Ka Hung Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-5124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-5124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152530","display_name":"Advanced Light Source","ror":"https://ror.org/00319zh75","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ka Hung Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046307547","display_name":"Marcus Michael Noack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-4787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-4787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus M. Noack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080747991","display_name":"Eric G. Schaible","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-8559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-8559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152530","display_name":"Advanced Light Source","ror":"https://ror.org/00319zh75","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Schaible","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010010327","display_name":"Damon English","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152530","display_name":"Advanced Light Source","ror":"https://ror.org/00319zh75","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damon English","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074108237","display_name":"Alexander Hexemer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-0125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-0125"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152530","display_name":"Advanced Light Source","ror":"https://ror.org/00319zh75","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Hexemer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001469241","display_name":"Wiebke Koepp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-9368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-9368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152530","display_name":"Advanced Light Source","ror":"https://ror.org/00319zh75","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wiebke Koepp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-9368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057665432","display_name":"Chenhui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1263-5065","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1263-5065"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152530","display_name":"Advanced Light Source","ror":"https://ror.org/00319zh75","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenhui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I4387152530"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089284339","display_name":"Xiaodan Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-3673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-3673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44854399","display_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","ror":"https://ror.org/0270vfa57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodan Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-3673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001469241","https://openalex.org/A5057665432","https://openalex.org/A5089284339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I4387152530","https://openalex.org/I44854399"],"apc_list":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"apc_paid":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01408094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11471","display_name":"Block Copolymer Self-Assembly","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11471","display_name":"Block Copolymer Self-Assembly","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-copolymers","display_name":"block copolymers","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-blend-morphology","display_name":"polymer blend morphology","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphase-separation","display_name":"microphase separation","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-optimization","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-processes","display_name":"Gaussian processes","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-optimization","display_name":"self-optimization","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poly-styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine","display_name":"poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine)","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvent-swelling","display_name":"solvent swelling","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-spacing","display_name":"domain spacing","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials","display_name":"soft materials","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofabrication","display_name":"nanofabrication","score":0.8100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6459000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21368211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689863","display_name":"Synchrotron","level":2,"score":0.5738999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162117346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1106386","display_name":"Nanolithography","level":4,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204223013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133036","display_name":"Lithography","level":2,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176443586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5598487","display_name":"Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering","level":5,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16332341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212871","display_name":"Synchrotron radiation","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186187911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894","display_name":"Nanostructure","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14631669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q896108","display_name":"Dynamic light scattering","level":3,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-026-00658-x_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223376","display_name":"npj Flexible Electronics","issn_l":"2397-4621","issn":["2397-4621"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Flexible Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2026-z7g5t","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2026-z7g5t","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2026-z7g5t","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/engage/api-gateway/chemrxiv/assets/orp/resource/item/695ebb51fc9dac0f37710da0/original/autonomous-optimization-of-block-copolymer-blend-morphology-via-synchrotron-x-ray-scattering.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00658-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-026-00658-x_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223376","display_name":"npj Flexible Electronics","issn_l":"2397-4621","issn":["2397-4621"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Flexible Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1285306620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SC0012704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338289","funder_display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1286236842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1286251239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1715039449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010SC0024432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1769256354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338289","funder_display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1799333409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","funder_display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1847291448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE- SC0012704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1863003419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1879556879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0024432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G241279073","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010SC0012704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2618837358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G30714459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-05CH11231.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3083819904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3136028036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","funder_display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3262563802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE- SC0012704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338289","funder_display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3327262629","display_name":"PRECISE CHAIN CONFORMATION CONTROL FOR CONJUGATED POLYMERS IN ORGANIC ELECTRONIC THIN FILM DEVICES","funder_award_id":"DESC0022050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G357145406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC-0012704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3908200424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010SC0022050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G419881185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC02\u201305CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G42916606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE AC02 05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4501827968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G456923249","display_name":"DREAM: DATA-DRIVEN REINVIGORATED ADVANCED MEMBRANE DISCOVERY PLATFORM","funder_award_id":"DESC0024432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G468147483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0012704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","funder_display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G498139845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5765906131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SC0012704.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G650090426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02\u201305CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652958823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6965541988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SC0012704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7463374569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SC0012704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8165640921","display_name":"RII Track-4: NSF: Obtaining Data Science Expertise to Enable Rapid Data Driven Material Discovery","funder_award_id":"2229686","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G872144517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0012704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G969889393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332356","display_name":"Office of the Chief Information Officer","ror":"https://ror.org/00hvbwp12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05mg91w61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0012c7r22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338289","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7122475137.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7122475137.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598272662","https://openalex.org/W1826092112","https://openalex.org/W1984659595","https://openalex.org/W2065552006","https://openalex.org/W2066350682","https://openalex.org/W2075370047","https://openalex.org/W2077379822","https://openalex.org/W2319144887","https://openalex.org/W2324839749","https://openalex.org/W2326787051","https://openalex.org/W2328357150","https://openalex.org/W2523000849","https://openalex.org/W2953165626","https://openalex.org/W2997171367","https://openalex.org/W3001481012","https://openalex.org/W3004295072","https://openalex.org/W3092025504","https://openalex.org/W3110641297","https://openalex.org/W3177829108","https://openalex.org/W4200608739","https://openalex.org/W4233417203","https://openalex.org/W4281749757","https://openalex.org/W4285721202","https://openalex.org/W4311376915","https://openalex.org/W4316015907","https://openalex.org/W4323656527","https://openalex.org/W4388775519","https://openalex.org/W4389132715","https://openalex.org/W4401535000","https://openalex.org/W4401636213","https://openalex.org/W4408034380","https://openalex.org/W4409768533","https://openalex.org/W6931363475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316015907","https://openalex.org/W4406819996","https://openalex.org/W3108743007","https://openalex.org/W4391230882","https://openalex.org/W2518116980","https://openalex.org/W2609585480","https://openalex.org/W4400914230","https://openalex.org/W7163991499","https://openalex.org/W7160275617","https://openalex.org/W4391449814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"utility":[1],"of":[2,21,90,122,138,194],"block":[3],"copolymers":[4],"(BCPs)":[5],"in":[6,161],"next-generation":[7],"nanofabrication":[8],"and":[9,18,49,79,108,116,190,201],"optoelectronics":[10],"is":[11,46,165,174],"strictly":[12],"governed":[13],"by":[14,104],"the":[15,54,87,94,99,125,147,177],"long-range":[16],"ordering":[17,173],"precise":[19],"periodicity":[20],"their":[22,27],"microphase-separated":[23],"domains.":[24],"However,":[25],"navigating":[26],"multi-dimensional":[28],"processing":[29,101],"space":[30,102],"to":[31,52,86,158],"maximize":[32],"this":[33,60],"structural":[34,123,172],"fidelity":[35],"can":[36],"be":[37],"difficult.":[38],"Conventional":[39],"optimization":[40,83],"relies":[41],"on":[42],"Edisonian":[43],"trial-and-error,":[44],"which":[45,162],"resource-intensive,":[47],"slow,":[48],"often":[50],"fails":[51],"identify":[53],"global":[55],"optimum.":[56],"Here,":[57],"we":[58,151],"address":[59],"challenge":[61],"using":[62,130],"a":[63,120,153,168,186,195],"closed-loop":[64,96],"morphology-optimization":[65],"workflow":[66,97,126,189],"that":[67],"integrates":[68],"synchrotron":[69],"grazing-incidence":[70],"small-angle":[71],"X-ray":[72],"scattering":[73,76],"(GISAXS),":[74],"automated":[75],"data":[77],"analysis,":[78],"Gaussian":[80],"process-driven":[81],"Bayesian":[82],"(GP-BO).":[84],"Applied":[85],"swelling-induced":[88],"assembly":[89],"poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine)":[91],"(S2VP)":[92],"blends,":[93],"BO-guided":[95],"explores":[98],"two-dimensional":[100],"defined":[103],"polymer":[105],"blending":[106],"ratio":[107],"solvent":[109],"uptake.":[110],"By":[111],"jointly":[112],"optimizing":[113],"domain":[114,163],"spacing":[115,164],"peak":[117],"sharpness":[118],"as":[119,167],"measure":[121],"ordering,":[124],"identified":[127],"target-satisfying":[128],"conditions":[129],"approximately":[131],"30":[132],"experiments,":[133],"more":[134],"than":[135,141],"two":[136],"orders":[137],"magnitude":[139],"fewer":[140],"required":[142],"for":[143],"uniform":[144],"coverage":[145],"at":[146],"stated":[148],"resolution.":[149],"Overall,":[150],"developed":[152],"constraint-aware":[154],"acquisition":[155],"strategy":[156],"tailored":[157],"morphology":[159],"optimization,":[160],"treated":[166],"feasibility":[169],"constraint":[170],"while":[171],"optimized":[175],"within":[176],"feasible":[178],"region.":[179],"This":[180],"task-specific":[181],"formulation":[182],"differs":[183],"from":[184],"applying":[185],"standard":[187],"GP-BO":[188],"enables":[191],"efficient":[192],"navigation":[193],"coupled":[196],"landscape":[197],"containing":[198],"both":[199],"monotonic":[200],"highly":[202],"nonlinear":[203],"responses.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-01-13T00:00:00"}