{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7120128310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106192","title":"Which is More Predictive of Mortality\u2014Pain Severity or Pain Interference? Evidence from 20-Year Longitudinal Data","display_name":"Which is More Predictive of Mortality\u2014Pain Severity or Pain Interference? Evidence from 20-Year Longitudinal Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7120128310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106192","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41520747","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13495954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194302669","display_name":"Journal of Pain","issn_l":"1526-5900","issn":["1526-5900","1528-8447"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13495954/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044169055","display_name":"Hangqing Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-7949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-7949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hangqing Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Sociology and Criminology, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. Electronic address: hangqing@nus.edu.sg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-7949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Sociology and Criminology, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. Electronic address: hangqing@nus.edu.sg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121871751","display_name":"Yulin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-1198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-1198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94158, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-1198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94158, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081207551","display_name":"Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-637X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-637X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Sociology and Criminology, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-637X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Sociology and Criminology, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044169055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":{"value":4180,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4180},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.6594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98962125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"106192","last_page":"106192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.5791000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.5791000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.3352000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain","display_name":"chronic pain","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-intensity","display_name":"pain intensity","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-interference","display_name":"pain interference","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-risk","display_name":"mortality risk","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-aged-adults","display_name":"middle-aged adults","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-differences","display_name":"racial and ethnic differences","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-limitations","display_name":"functional limitations","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longevity","display_name":"longevity","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7178999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113","display_name":"Chronic pain","level":2,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020637660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665869","display_name":"Effect modification","level":3,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020672099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Longitudinal data","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7336293","display_name":"Risk of mortality","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112143881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7124833","display_name":"Pain catastrophizing","level":3,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992669165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131635","display_name":"Pain score","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000094422","descriptor_name":"Secondary Data Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017281","descriptor_name":"Cost of Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059350","descriptor_name":"Chronic Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059408","descriptor_name":"Pain Management","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059408","descriptor_name":"Pain Management","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194302669","display_name":"Journal of Pain","issn_l":"1526-5900","issn":["1526-5900","1528-8447"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41520747","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41520747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The journal of pain","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13495954","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13495954/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Pain","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13495954","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13495954/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Pain","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8105432687","display_name":"The Demography of Chronic Pain: A Population Approach to Pain Trends, Pain Disparities, and Pain-Related Disability and Death","funder_award_id":"R01AG065351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000887882","display_name":"Health and Retirement Study: Yrs 35-40","funder_award_id":"U01AG009740","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054348979","https://openalex.org/W2120215564","https://openalex.org/W2161344815","https://openalex.org/W2162638563","https://openalex.org/W2275737843","https://openalex.org/W2554738306","https://openalex.org/W2623489298","https://openalex.org/W2623512094","https://openalex.org/W2736322547","https://openalex.org/W2741522336","https://openalex.org/W2793111756","https://openalex.org/W2905788968","https://openalex.org/W3037392343","https://openalex.org/W3087283899","https://openalex.org/W3094818537","https://openalex.org/W3117220327","https://openalex.org/W3130181724","https://openalex.org/W3176485202","https://openalex.org/W3182459357","https://openalex.org/W3186747360","https://openalex.org/W4223584159","https://openalex.org/W4286009300","https://openalex.org/W4308369850","https://openalex.org/W4322624768","https://openalex.org/W4376641680","https://openalex.org/W4386700948","https://openalex.org/W4391676144","https://openalex.org/W4400053939","https://openalex.org/W4400446000","https://openalex.org/W4401940712","https://openalex.org/W4404554658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386700948","https://openalex.org/W2623512094","https://openalex.org/W2793111756","https://openalex.org/W3197776694","https://openalex.org/W2568540909","https://openalex.org/W2045868248","https://openalex.org/W2014196443","https://openalex.org/W4400053939","https://openalex.org/W2070337498","https://openalex.org/W4400446000"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-01-10T00:00:00"}