{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7119987055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10926429251408802","title":"The Evolving Role of ChatGPT (Chat-Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) in General Surgery: A Systematic Review","display_name":"The Evolving Role of ChatGPT (Chat-Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) in General Surgery: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7119987055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10926429251408802","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41705688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/10926429251408802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10926429251408802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10926429251408802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21837735","display_name":"Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques","issn_l":"1092-6429","issn":["1092-6429","1557-9034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Laparoendoscopic &amp; Advanced Surgical Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044865814","display_name":"Carlos Andr\u00e9 Balthazar da Silveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-0620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-0620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325481341","display_name":"St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72wv30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802827176","display_name":"Dignity Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05c9r4685","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Andre Balthazar da Silveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Dignity Health St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Dignity Health St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092889528","display_name":"Ana Caroline Dias Rasador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-5599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-5599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325481341","display_name":"St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72wv30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802827176","display_name":"Dignity Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05c9r4685","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Caroline Dias Rasador","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Dignity Health St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Dignity Health St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raquel Nogueira","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335289525","display_name":"Montefiore Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/044ntvm43","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525","https://openalex.org/I19772626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raquel Nogueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122501079","display_name":"Masashi Takeuchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masashi Takeuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113560688","display_name":"Yuko Kitagawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6469-2155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6469-2155","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-5670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuko Kitagawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073089164","display_name":"Flavio Malcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-9921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-9921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800628709","display_name":"Lenox Hill Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0231d2y50","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302444339","https://openalex.org/I2800628709"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavio Malcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800628709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071372260","display_name":"Brant Todd Heniford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-6048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-6048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339509835","display_name":"Endeavor Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04tpp9d61","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339509835"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Todd Heniford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endeavor Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endeavor Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339509835"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086505606","display_name":"Diego Laurentino Lima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-1284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-1284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335289525","display_name":"Montefiore Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/044ntvm43","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525","https://openalex.org/I19772626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diego L. Lima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086505606"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69895833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"141","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-surgery","display_name":"general surgery","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-training","display_name":"surgical training","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-documentation","display_name":"surgical documentation","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-accuracy","display_name":"clinical accuracy","score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-examination-preparation","display_name":"board examination preparation","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-surgery","display_name":"colorectal surgery","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bariatric-surgery","display_name":"bariatric surgery","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appendicitis","display_name":"appendicitis","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-communication","display_name":"patient communication","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7164999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019611579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6641956","display_name":"Surgical procedures","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.26179999113082886}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/10926429251408802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10926429251408802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10926429251408802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21837735","display_name":"Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques","issn_l":"1092-6429","issn":["1092-6429","1557-9034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Laparoendoscopic &amp; Advanced Surgical Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41705688","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41705688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5110799670219421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310917376","https://openalex.org/W4311481166","https://openalex.org/W4311824882","https://openalex.org/W4313453502","https://openalex.org/W4361207551","https://openalex.org/W4367175507","https://openalex.org/W4372047097","https://openalex.org/W4376649177","https://openalex.org/W4377010360","https://openalex.org/W4378782874","https://openalex.org/W4379056517","https://openalex.org/W4379140845","https://openalex.org/W4380421782","https://openalex.org/W4380872022","https://openalex.org/W4381085670","https://openalex.org/W4381611207","https://openalex.org/W4381838921","https://openalex.org/W4382246808","https://openalex.org/W4384561707","https://openalex.org/W4384820842","https://openalex.org/W4384944902","https://openalex.org/W4385278400","https://openalex.org/W4385429684","https://openalex.org/W4385487253","https://openalex.org/W4385850946","https://openalex.org/W4385971104","https://openalex.org/W4386119420","https://openalex.org/W4387440167","https://openalex.org/W4387661200","https://openalex.org/W4387703131","https://openalex.org/W4387765162","https://openalex.org/W4387965033","https://openalex.org/W4388033537","https://openalex.org/W4388033695","https://openalex.org/W4389237785","https://openalex.org/W4390061192","https://openalex.org/W4391069701","https://openalex.org/W4391474918","https://openalex.org/W4391806751","https://openalex.org/W4391823231","https://openalex.org/W4392776387","https://openalex.org/W4396509580","https://openalex.org/W4397034542","https://openalex.org/W4401758415","https://openalex.org/W4401893292","https://openalex.org/W4404469964"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Chat":[1],"Generative":[2],"Pre-Trained":[3],"Transformer":[4],"(ChatGPT)":[5],"has":[6,24],"emerged":[7],"as":[8],"a":[9],"widely":[10,254],"accessible":[11],"large":[12],"language":[13],"model":[14],"(LLM)":[15],"with":[16,231,250],"potential":[17,163,310,330],"applications":[18,52],"in":[19,28,90,151,165,171,214,224,261,267,273,286,294,302],"medicine.":[20],"While":[21],"early":[22],"literature":[23],"explored":[25],"ChatGPT's":[26,128,235,248],"role":[27,164],"various":[29],"surgical":[30,132,145,186,280,335],"specialties,":[31],"its":[32,138,149,162,200,287,317,341],"impact":[33],"on":[34,46,156,319],"general":[35,59,91],"surgery":[36,92,229,263],"remains":[37,322],"less":[38],"defined.":[39],"This":[40],"systematic":[41],"review":[42],"evaluates":[43],"current":[44],"evidence":[45],"the":[47,56,86,332],"educational,":[48,94],"clinical,":[49],"and":[50,73,96,104,112,126,159,175,210,227,237,265,278,293,315,339,347],"research":[51,304],"of":[53,58,67,88,334],"ChatGPT":[54,89,168,270,308,327],"within":[55],"field":[57],"surgery.":[60],"METHODS:":[61],"A":[62],"comprehensive":[63,279],"search":[64],"was":[65,190],"performed":[66],"PubMed,":[68],"Cochrane":[69],"Central,":[70],"Scopus,":[71],"SciELO,":[72],"LILACS":[74],"from":[75,203,257],"inception":[76],"to":[77,140,181,205,212,240,259,289],"December":[78],"2023.":[79],"Studies":[80,107],"were":[81,115,219,284],"included":[82,100],"if":[83],"they":[84],"evaluated":[85],"utility":[87,150],"across":[93,131,255,311,331],"research,":[95,316,340],"clinical":[97,152,245,251,313,337],"domains.":[98,133],"We":[99],"both":[101],"analytic":[102],"data":[103,295],"descriptive":[105],"studies.":[106],"involving":[108],"other":[109],"AI":[110],"platforms":[111],"conference":[113],"abstracts":[114],"excluded.":[116],"RESULTS:":[117],"Of":[118],"550":[119],"screened":[120],"studies,":[121,256],"23":[122],"met":[123],"inclusion":[124],"criteria":[125],"demonstrated":[127,137],"broad":[129],"applicability":[130],"Specifically,":[134],"6":[135],"studies":[136,233,264],"capability":[139],"answer":[141],"common":[142],"questions":[143,209],"about":[144],"diseases,":[146],"7":[147],"assessed":[148],"practice,":[153,314,338],"11":[154],"focused":[155],"educational":[157],"applications,":[158],"5":[160],"examined":[161],"research.":[166],"Notably,":[167],"exhibited":[169],"proficiency":[170],"providing":[172],"anatomical":[173],"explanations":[174],"answering":[176],"open-ended":[177,208],"questions,":[178,187],"achieving":[179],"up":[180],"87%":[182],"accuracy":[183,201],"for":[184,193,207],"colorectal":[185,262],"though":[188,297],"performance":[189],"more":[191],"variable":[192],"appendicitis":[194],"queries.":[195],"In":[196,244],"board":[197],"exam-style":[198],"assessments,":[199],"ranged":[202],"48%":[204],"66%":[206],"68%":[211],"76.4%":[213],"multiple-choice":[215],"formats.":[216],"Patient-facing":[217],"responses":[218],"generally":[220],"rated":[221],"favorably,":[222],"particularly":[223],"bariatric,":[225],"transplant,":[226],"pancreatic":[228],"domains,":[230],"several":[232],"highlighting":[234],"clarity":[236],"comprehensiveness":[238],"compared":[239],"traditional":[241],"medical":[242],"literature.":[243],"decision-making":[246],"scenarios,":[247],"concordance":[249],"experts":[252],"varied":[253],"0%":[258],"86.7%":[260],"30%":[266],"bariatric":[268],"cases.":[269],"proved":[271],"effective":[272],"drafting":[274],"informed":[275],"consent":[276],"documents":[277],"notes.":[281],"However,":[282],"limitations":[283],"observed":[285],"ability":[288],"provide":[290],"accurate":[291],"references":[292],"extraction,":[296],"it":[298],"did":[299],"show":[300],"promise":[301],"generating":[303],"ideas.":[305],"Overall,":[306,325],"while":[307,326],"shows":[309,328],"education,":[312,336],"reliance":[318],"human":[320,345],"evaluation":[321],"crucial.":[323],"CONCLUSION:":[324],"significant":[329],"realms":[333],"outputs":[342],"require":[343],"ongoing":[344],"oversight":[346],"expert":[348],"validation.PROSPERO":[349],"Registration:CRD420251107155.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2026-01-10T00:00:00"}
