{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7119037202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","title":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627","display_name":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7119037202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","pdf_url":"https://jpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_476670_5ad18817a82c2b81de6285f2cbc99b9a.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224469","display_name":"The Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Political Science","issn_l":"2356-9166","issn":["2356-9166","2682-4493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_476670_5ad18817a82c2b81de6285f2cbc99b9a.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122256272","display_name":"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259928","display_name":"Al Hayah University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/02yd1e415","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259928"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259928"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122256272"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259928"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.3743000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.3743000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.296099990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.039500001817941666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-industry","display_name":"manufacturing industry","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-africa","display_name":"North Africa","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-law","display_name":"rule of law","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-size","display_name":"government size","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-quality","display_name":"regulatory quality","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-openness","display_name":"market openness","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-competition","display_name":"international competition","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-reforms","display_name":"structural reforms","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-integration","display_name":"regional integration","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egypt","display_name":"Egypt","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algeria","display_name":"Algeria","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morocco","display_name":"Morocco","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunisia","display_name":"Tunisia","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mauritania","display_name":"Mauritania","score":0.9900000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19869999587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19499999284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1860000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16580000519752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.16410000622272491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16120000183582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.15870000422000885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","pdf_url":"https://jpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_476670_5ad18817a82c2b81de6285f2cbc99b9a.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224469","display_name":"The Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Political Science","issn_l":"2356-9166","issn":["2356-9166","2682-4493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e6ba7d7e1d9d4736b9782e5ca0926fd8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6ba7d7e1d9d4736b9782e5ca0926fd8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 31-58 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpsa.2026.476670","pdf_url":"https://jpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_476670_5ad18817a82c2b81de6285f2cbc99b9a.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224469","display_name":"The Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Political Science","issn_l":"2356-9166","issn":["2356-9166","2682-4493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7119037202.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7119037202.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415472236","https://openalex.org/W4411835206","https://openalex.org/W2464927974","https://openalex.org/W4394613043","https://openalex.org/W3007259638","https://openalex.org/W2342185667","https://openalex.org/W4400622349","https://openalex.org/W2780530104","https://openalex.org/W2907321991","https://openalex.org/W4405959385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0641":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[1,24,76],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[2,87],"\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633":[3],"\u0623\u062b\u0631":[4],"\u0645\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0634\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u062a":[5,43,62,104],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629":[6,44,63,105],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0635\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629":[7,45],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[8,109],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0629":[9],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629":[10],"\u0641\u064a":[11,50,66,82],"\u062f\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0644":[12],"\u0634\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644":[13],"\u0625\u0641\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627":[14],"(\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c":[15],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c":[16],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c":[17],"\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c":[18],"\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)":[19],"\u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629":[20],"2000-2023.":[21],"\u0648\u0642\u062f":[22,54],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a":[23],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[25],"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0644":[27],"\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629":[28],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629":[29],"\u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0627\u062a":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0652\u0631\u0649":[32],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629":[33],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0629":[34],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0644\u060c":[35],"\u062d\u064a\u062b":[36],"\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a":[37],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[38],"\u0628\u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629":[39],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629":[40],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[41,52],"\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0645":[42],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0629":[46],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c":[47],"\u0645\u0639":[48,107],"\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631":[51],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644.":[53],"\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0632\u064e\u062a\u0652":[55],"\u0645\u0635\u0631":[56],"\u0643\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631":[57],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[58],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629":[59],"\u0645\u0646":[60],"\u062a\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0646":[61],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0635\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c":[64,106],"\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[65,97],"\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a":[67],"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629":[68],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[69],"\u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629":[71],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629":[72],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.":[73],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[74],"\u0623\u0638\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a":[75],"\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627":[77],"\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627":[78],"\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0634\u0651\u0650\u0631":[79],"\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d":[80],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642":[81],"\u0628\u0639\u0636":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c":[84],"\u0645\u0645\u0627":[85],"\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0650\u064a\u0631":[86],"\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a":[88],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629":[89],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.":[90],"\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627":[91],"\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c":[93],"\u062a\u0645":[94],"\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645":[95],"\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a":[96],"\u0644\u0643\u0644":[98],"\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[99],"\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0632":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639":[101],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0650":[102],"\u0648\u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0646":[103],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632":[108],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a":[110],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629":[111],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644":[112],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}