{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118084570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","title":"Antihypertensive Drug Use: A Racial Decomposition Analysis Based on the Largest Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Registry Data","display_name":"Antihypertensive Drug Use: A Racial Decomposition Analysis Based on the Largest Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Registry Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118084570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735557189","display_name":"Innovation in Aging","issn_l":"2399-5300","issn":["2399-5300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovation in Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121868230","display_name":"Kevin Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065176223","display_name":"Xiangxiang Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7247-0077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7247-0077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangxiang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015962454","display_name":"Gang Lv","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Beijing , (People\u2019s Republic)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Beijing , (People\u2019s Republic)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3977,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3977},"apc_paid":{"value":3977,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3977},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53215164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"Supplement_2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.12430000305175781,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease-and-related-dementias","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease and related dementias","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antihypertensive-medication-use","display_name":"antihypertensive medication use","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicaid-beneficiaries","display_name":"Medicaid beneficiaries","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbid-hypertension","display_name":"hypertension comorbidity","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oaxaca-blinder-decomposition","display_name":"Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"health equity","score":0.421999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776534028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141363","display_name":"Medicaid","level":3,"score":0.8011000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7127000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5633000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.5615000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.5044999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993757694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3254959","display_name":"Racial differences","level":3,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778858636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643563","display_name":"Prescription drug","level":3,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020212850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456","display_name":"South carolina","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806635","display_name":"Medicare Part D","level":4,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780454255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111916","display_name":"Outcomes research","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735557189","display_name":"Innovation in Aging","issn_l":"2399-5300","issn":["2399-5300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovation in Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12762965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12762965/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Innov Aging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735557189","display_name":"Innovation in Aging","issn_l":"2399-5300","issn":["2399-5300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311647","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovation in Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7335651516914368}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Mortality":[2],"from":[3,92],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[4,96],"Disease":[5,97],"and":[6,63,78,120,133,158,177,205,222],"Related":[7],"Dementias":[8],"(ADRD)":[9],"has":[10,53],"more":[11],"than":[12],"doubled":[13],"in":[14,25,74,153,174,201],"the":[15,23,55,93,113,117],"past":[16],"two":[17],"decades,":[18],"with":[19,39,88],"South":[20,84,94],"Carolina":[21,85,95],"leading":[22],"nation":[24],"crude":[26],"ADRD":[27,124,129,164,209],"death":[28],"rates.":[29],"African":[30],"Americans":[31],"face":[32],"a":[33],"disproportionately":[34],"higher":[35],"risk":[36],"of":[37,57,172,190],"ADRD,":[38,89],"widening":[40],"racial":[41,58,72,151,167],"disparities,":[42],"partly":[43],"driven":[44],"by":[45,70],"comorbid":[46],"conditions":[47],"like":[48],"hypertension.":[49],"However,":[50],"limited":[51],"research":[52],"quantified":[54],"contribution":[56],"disparities":[59,152,173,184,196,213],"to":[60,112,140,149,199,220],"healthcare":[61,75,202],"costs":[62,137],"utilization.":[64],"This":[65],"study":[66,127],"addresses":[67],"this":[68],"gap":[69],"analyzing":[71],"differences":[73,168],"expenditures,":[76],"utilization,":[77,204],"antihypertensive":[79],"medication":[80,159,178,206],"(AHM)":[81],"use":[82,192,207],"among":[83,208],"Medicaid":[86,108,165],"beneficiaries":[87],"leveraging":[90],"data":[91,110],"(AD)":[98],"Registry.":[99],"Methods":[100],"A":[101],"longitudinal":[102],"analysis":[103],"was":[104,147],"conducted":[105],"using":[106],"SC":[107,114],"claims":[109],"linked":[111],"AD":[115],"Registry,":[116],"nation\u2019s":[118],"oldest":[119],"most":[121],"comprehensive":[122],"statewide":[123],"database.":[125],"The":[126,143],"included":[128],"patients":[130],"aged":[131],"65":[132],"older":[134],"(2005\u20132021).":[135],"Healthcare":[136],"were":[138],"adjusted":[139],"2024":[141],"dollars.":[142],"Blinder-Oaxaca":[144],"decomposition":[145],"method":[146],"used":[148],"quantify":[150],"inpatient,":[154,175],"outpatient,":[155,176],"emergency":[156],"room,":[157],"expenditures.":[160],"Results":[161],"Among":[162],"7,865":[163],"beneficiaries,":[166],"accounted":[169],"for":[170,216],"23.52%\u201334.37%":[171],"expenditures":[179],"(P":[180,187],"<":[181,188],"0.001).":[182],"Racial":[183,195],"explained":[185],"28.95%":[186],"0.001)":[189],"AHM":[191],"differences.":[193],"Conclusion":[194],"significantly":[197],"contribute":[198],"variations":[200],"costs,":[203],"patients.":[210],"Addressing":[211],"these":[212],"is":[214],"critical":[215],"ensuring":[217],"equitable":[218],"access":[219],"care":[221],"improving":[223],"outcomes.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-01-03T00:00:00"}