{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117463597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010130","title":"Extended Methodology for Calculating the LENI Coefficient with a Reactive Power Component (LENIQ) in the Analysis of Energy Efficiency of Building Lighting","display_name":"Extended Methodology for Calculating the LENI Coefficient with a Reactive Power Component (LENIQ) in the Analysis of Energy Efficiency of Building Lighting","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117463597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19010130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/19/1/130/pdf?version=1766745968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/19/1/130/pdf?version=1766745968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079743986","display_name":"Honorata Sierocka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5903-9258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5903-9258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323121030","display_name":"Bialystok University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfsy61","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Honorata Sierocka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Ojca Tarasiuka 2 Street, 16-001 Kleosin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5903-9258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Ojca Tarasiuka 2 Street, 16-001 Kleosin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083672113","display_name":"Maciej Zajkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-394X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-394X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323121030","display_name":"Bialystok University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfsy61","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Zajkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-394X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014880451","display_name":"Marcin Andrzej Sulkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-314X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-314X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323121030","display_name":"Bialystok University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfsy61","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Andrzej Sulkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-314X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079743986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42899258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"130","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.5067999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.5067999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.3935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.05079999938607216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-power","display_name":"reactive power","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-factor","display_name":"power factor","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-systems","display_name":"photovoltaic systems","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lighting-automation","display_name":"lighting automation","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schools","display_name":"schools","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-balance","display_name":"energy balance","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520301825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380170","display_name":"Energy conservation","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118993495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042828","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","level":3,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64424096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454","display_name":"Power factor","level":3,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777618391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483757","display_name":"Solar power","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195766429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394","display_name":"Metrology","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19010130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/19/1/130/pdf?version=1766745968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee5e7770a7d74bfcaf5b2ec3b99952e8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee5e7770a7d74bfcaf5b2ec3b99952e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 19, Iss 1, p 130 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19010130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/19/1/130/pdf?version=1766745968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9083503484725952,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117463597.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117463597.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008377336","https://openalex.org/W2043489203","https://openalex.org/W2092107371","https://openalex.org/W2774560186","https://openalex.org/W2805557058","https://openalex.org/W2900990651","https://openalex.org/W2949451113","https://openalex.org/W3033119741","https://openalex.org/W3134382253","https://openalex.org/W3161257539","https://openalex.org/W3198803700","https://openalex.org/W4206135313","https://openalex.org/W4220805752","https://openalex.org/W4306402984","https://openalex.org/W4318777931","https://openalex.org/W4382599415","https://openalex.org/W4401646143","https://openalex.org/W4404144141","https://openalex.org/W4405186636"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,147],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,19,138,155],"extended":[4,156],"methodology":[5,26,157],"for":[6,13,102,133],"calculating":[7],"the":[8,30,33,38,41,44,54,66,84,88,103,120,142,159],"LENI":[9,160],"energy":[10,85,117,126,175],"efficiency":[11,143],"index":[12],"building":[14],"lighting,":[15],"taking":[16],"into":[17,28],"account":[18,29],"additional":[20,139],"reactive":[21,76,116,165],"power":[22,34,77,166],"component\u2014LENIQ.":[23],"proposed":[25],"takes":[27],"influence":[31],"of":[32,40,46,56,83,94,122,141,144,149,158,173],"factor":[35],"(cos":[36],"\u03c6),":[37],"nature":[39],"receivers,":[42],"and":[43,65,124],"presence":[45],"constant":[47],"lighting":[48,145,174],"intensity":[49],"(CTE)":[50],"systems.":[51],"Based":[52],"on":[53],"analysis":[55],"two":[57],"public":[58],"buildings":[59],"(schools)\u2014one":[60],"without":[61,90],"a":[62,70,80,92,110,164,170],"photovoltaic":[63],"installation":[64],"other":[67],"equipped":[68],"with":[69,105,130],"PV":[71],"system\u2014it":[72],"was":[73,99],"shown":[74],"that":[75],"can":[78],"be":[79],"significant":[81],"component":[82,167],"balance.":[86],"For":[87],"facility":[89,104],"PV,":[91],"value":[93],"LENIQ":[95],"=":[96],"58.4":[97],"kvarh/m2\u00b7year":[98],"obtained,":[100],"while":[101],"PV\u20144.75":[106],"kvarh/m2\u00b7year,":[107],"which":[108],"indicates":[109],"more":[111],"than":[112],"tenfold":[113],"reduction":[114],"in":[115],"thanks":[118],"to":[119,153],"use":[121],"automation":[123],"renewable":[125],"sources.":[127],"A":[128],"comparison":[129],"model":[131],"values":[132],"different":[134],"cos":[135],"\u03c6":[136],"enabled":[137],"assessment":[140,172],"installations.":[146],"aim":[148],"this":[150],"study":[151],"is":[152],"develop":[154],"indicator":[161],"by":[162],"introducing":[163],"LENIQ,":[168],"enabling":[169],"comprehensive":[171],"efficiency.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2025-12-29T00:00:00"}
