{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117356985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","title":"Comfort Index Based on Microclimate Conditions and Visitor Perceptions in Bukit Pelangi, Sangatta City","display_name":"Comfort Index Based on Microclimate Conditions and Visitor Perceptions in Bukit Pelangi, Sangatta City","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117356985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232975","display_name":"PERENNIAL","issn_l":"1412-7784","issn":["1412-7784","2685-6859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315277","host_organization_name":"Hasanuddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hasanuddin University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PERENNIAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146916989","display_name":"Sahrul Gunawan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689905","display_name":"Mulawarman University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwq2y85","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689905"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahrul Gunawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Tropis, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Tropis, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018681415","display_name":"KARYATI KARYATI","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689905","display_name":"Mulawarman University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwq2y85","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689905"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karyati Karyati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Tropis, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Tropis, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002102946","display_name":"Sri Sarminah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-7781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-7781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689905","display_name":"Mulawarman University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwq2y85","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689905"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sri Sarminah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Tropis, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Tropis, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121394026","display_name":"Karmini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689905","display_name":"Mulawarman University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwq2y85","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689905"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karmini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689905"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29044823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13801","display_name":"Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort","display_name":"thermal comfort","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comfort-index","display_name":"comfort index","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-humidity-index","display_name":"temperature-humidity index","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-microclimate","display_name":"urban microclimate","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-green-space","display_name":"urban green space","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover-types","display_name":"land cover types","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-intensity","display_name":"light intensity","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-temperature","display_name":"air temperature","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-humidity","display_name":"air humidity","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-forest-planning","display_name":"urban forest planning","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32957820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215108","display_name":"Microclimate","level":2,"score":0.8517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48947383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830719","display_name":"Visitor pattern","level":2,"score":0.8101000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5623000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75043328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910009","display_name":"Wet-bulb globe temperature","level":3,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991722673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7096314","display_name":"Open air","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69332959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2141844","display_name":"Heat index","level":3,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110269972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872","display_name":"Recreation","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020368824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546192","display_name":"Light intensity","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232975","display_name":"PERENNIAL","issn_l":"1412-7784","issn":["1412-7784","2685-6859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315277","host_organization_name":"Hasanuddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hasanuddin University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PERENNIAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.24259/perennial.v22i1.46354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v22i1.46354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v22i1.46354","pdf_url":"https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/perennial/article/download/46354/13919/163253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232975","display_name":"PERENNIAL","issn_l":"1412-7784","issn":["1412-7784","2685-6859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315277","host_organization_name":"Hasanuddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hasanuddin University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PERENNIAL","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.46354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232975","display_name":"PERENNIAL","issn_l":"1412-7784","issn":["1412-7784","2685-6859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315277","host_organization_name":"Hasanuddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hasanuddin University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PERENNIAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117356985.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117356985.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014435986","https://openalex.org/W3035292867","https://openalex.org/W3048420160","https://openalex.org/W4206001297","https://openalex.org/W4220794222","https://openalex.org/W4225983829","https://openalex.org/W4324045131","https://openalex.org/W4362519279","https://openalex.org/W4366753149","https://openalex.org/W4366811063","https://openalex.org/W4378839510","https://openalex.org/W4382319766","https://openalex.org/W4386130714","https://openalex.org/W4389455002","https://openalex.org/W4413912631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2572144352","https://openalex.org/W4413912631","https://openalex.org/W4416091952","https://openalex.org/W2257317930","https://openalex.org/W7118460600","https://openalex.org/W2771961701","https://openalex.org/W1851593450","https://openalex.org/W4392712640","https://openalex.org/W4200460621","https://openalex.org/W7128490069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bukit":[0,23],"Pelangi":[1,24],"is":[2,19],"one":[3],"of":[4,63,85,212,239],"the":[5,22,38,57,61,86,126,203,210,237],"areas":[6,138,158,176,194],"that":[7,125],"has":[8,26],"urban":[9,247],"green":[10,240],"open":[11,76,143,162,180,197,241,251],"spaces":[12],"in":[13,21,65,91,130,136,142,151,156,161,169,174,179,202,214,235],"Sangatta":[14,94],"City.":[15,95],"Venus":[16,92,131,152,170,190,215],"Park,":[17,72,93],"which":[18],"located":[20],"area,":[25],"many":[27],"functions,":[28],"including":[29],"absorbing":[30],"carbon":[31],"dioxide":[32],"(CO\u2082),":[33],"producing":[34],"oxygen":[35],"(O\u2082),":[36],"lowering":[37],"environmental":[39],"temperature,":[40,114],"and":[41,60,75,88,117,141,160,178,196,226,249],"providing":[42],"a":[43,48,233],"cool":[44],"atmosphere,":[45],"making":[46],"it":[47],"choice":[49],"place":[50],"to":[51,55,81],"relax.This":[52],"study":[53],"aims":[54],"determine":[56],"microclimate":[58],"conditions":[59],"level":[62,211],"comfort":[64,87,184,213,224],"three":[66],"different":[67],"land":[68,144,163,181,198],"cover":[69],"types":[70],"(Venus":[71],"built-up":[73,137,157,175,193],"areas,":[74],"land)":[77],"as":[78,80,110,219,232,244],"well":[79],"understand":[82],"visitor":[83,118,208,227],"perceptions":[84,119],"available":[89],"facilities":[90],"Data":[96],"collection":[97],"was":[98,133,154,172,217],"conducted":[99],"using":[100],"an":[101],"environment":[102],"meter":[103],"for":[104,189],"30":[105],"days,":[106],"measuring":[107],"indicators":[108],"such":[109,243],"light":[111,128],"intensity,":[112],"air":[113,115,149,167],"humidity,":[116],"through":[120],"questionnaires.":[121],"The":[122,147,165,183,221],"results":[123],"showed":[124],"average":[127,148,166],"intensity":[129],"Park":[132,153,171,191,216],"897.2":[134],"lux,":[135,140],"1,690.5":[139],"2,006.9":[145],"lux.":[146],"temperature":[150],"28.1\u00b0C,":[155],"29.3\u00b0C,":[159],"29.9\u00b0C.":[164],"humidity":[168],"81.1%,":[173],"76.2%,":[177],"75.2%.":[182],"index":[185,225],"(Temperature":[186],"Humidity":[187],"Index)":[188],"(27.3),":[192],"(27.9),":[195],"(28.4)":[199],"are":[200],"included":[201],"comfortable":[204],"category.":[205],"Based":[206],"on":[207],"perceptions,":[209],"categorized":[218],"good.":[220],"information":[222],"about":[223],"perception":[228],"can":[229],"be":[230],"used":[231],"reference":[234],"planning":[236],"development":[238],"spaces,":[242],"city":[245],"parks,":[246],"forests,":[248],"other":[250],"areas.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-12-27T00:00:00"}