{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117203242","doi":null,"title":"Tattoo-Related Skin Reactions: Clinical Complications, Emerging Trends, and Management Strategies.","display_name":"Tattoo-Related Skin Reactions: Clinical Complications, Emerging Trends, and Management Strategies.","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117203242","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41438931","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12721842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12721842","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12721842/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12721842/pdf/ms122_p0495.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mo Med","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12721842/pdf/ms122_p0495.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114036418","display_name":"Zainab Mohammodu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zainab P Mohammodu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epiphany Dermatology, El Paso, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epiphany Dermatology, El Paso, Texas, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075361455","display_name":"Damien Abreu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-0758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-0758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damien Abreu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fellow at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fellow at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036020263","display_name":"Kandice C. Bailey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319181961","display_name":"Saint Thomas Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04y40x506","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319181961","https://openalex.org/I1320343167"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kandice Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology Associates of St. Thomas, Nashville, Tennessee, USA and Brentwood Dermatology, Brentwood, Tennessee, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology Associates of St. Thomas, Nashville, Tennessee, USA and Brentwood Dermatology, Brentwood, Tennessee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319181961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152535142","display_name":"M. Laurin Council","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Laurin Council","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Dermatology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Dermatology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52252158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"122","issue":"6","first_page":"495","last_page":"500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12901","display_name":"Tattoo and Body Piercing Complications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12901","display_name":"Tattoo and Body Piercing Complications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11033","display_name":"Contact Dermatitis and Allergies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11172","display_name":"Dermatologic Treatments and Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tattoo-complications","display_name":"tattoo complications","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergic-contact-dermatitis","display_name":"allergic contact dermatitis","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lichenoid-reaction","display_name":"lichenoid reaction","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granulomatous-inflammation","display_name":"granulomatous inflammation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertrophic-scars","display_name":"hypertrophic scars","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keloids","display_name":"keloids","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dermatofibroma","display_name":"dermatofibroma","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormal-wound-healing","display_name":"abnormal wound healing","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer","display_name":"skin cancer","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scar-camouflage","display_name":"scar camouflage","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-tattoo-removal","display_name":"laser tattoo removal","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroid-therapy","display_name":"corticosteroid therapy","score":0.8640000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5974000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5291000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.24289999902248383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.24240000545978546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22210000455379486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.20389999449253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.20309999585151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107439039","display_name":"Disease management","level":4,"score":0.181099995970726}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002921","descriptor_name":"Cicatrix","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002921","descriptor_name":"Cicatrix","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002921","descriptor_name":"Cicatrix","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013653","descriptor_name":"Tattooing","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013653","descriptor_name":"Tattooing","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013653","descriptor_name":"Tattooing","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013653","descriptor_name":"Tattooing","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013653","descriptor_name":"Tattooing","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013653","descriptor_name":"Tattooing","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017449","descriptor_name":"Dermatitis, Allergic Contact","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017449","descriptor_name":"Dermatitis, Allergic Contact","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017449","descriptor_name":"Dermatitis, Allergic Contact","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017449","descriptor_name":"Dermatitis, Allergic Contact","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017449","descriptor_name":"Dermatitis, Allergic Contact","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017449","descriptor_name":"Dermatitis, Allergic Contact","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12721842","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12721842/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12721842/pdf/ms122_p0495.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mo Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41438931","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41438931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Missouri medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12721842","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12721842/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12721842/pdf/ms122_p0495.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mo Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4337635934352875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117203242.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117203242.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1422817092","https://openalex.org/W2802667555","https://openalex.org/W4226054887","https://openalex.org/W4389803554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390918708","https://openalex.org/W4393078002","https://openalex.org/W3132560443","https://openalex.org/W3204881762","https://openalex.org/W2299648251","https://openalex.org/W2094430326","https://openalex.org/W2009217092","https://openalex.org/W7147037408","https://openalex.org/W4205542700","https://openalex.org/W2125536724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tattoos":[0],"have":[1],"been":[2,128],"culturally":[3],"significant":[4],"throughout":[5],"history":[6],"and":[7,18,39,59,72,82,103,124,140,157,164,174,190,209,218],"continue":[8],"to":[9,63,80,214],"serve":[10],"as":[11,153],"an":[12],"avenue":[13],"for":[14,97,113,169,182,187,193,221],"self-expression,":[15],"cosmetic":[16,150,200],"enhancement,":[17],"medical":[19,173,219],"applications":[20],"in":[21,108,149],"the":[22,48,57,88,95,162,206],"modern":[23],"era.":[24],"Despite":[25],"their":[26],"popularity,":[27],"tattoos":[28,123,130],"are":[29,84,177],"not":[30],"without":[31],"clinical":[32],"implications,":[33],"including":[34,66,99,172],"inflammatory":[35,61,183],"reactions,":[36,54,71,184],"infections,":[37,76],"scarring,":[38,98],"even":[40],"associations":[41],"with":[42,110],"cutaneous":[43],"malignancies.":[44],"This":[45,143],"review":[46],"explores":[47],"natural":[49],"course":[50],"of":[51,90,135,199,211],"tattoo-related":[52,212],"skin":[53,125],"focusing":[55],"on":[56],"acute":[58],"chronic":[60],"responses":[62],"pigment":[64,188],"deposition,":[65],"allergic":[67],"contact":[68],"dermatitis,":[69],"lichenoid":[70],"granulomatous":[73],"inflammation.":[74],"Tattoo-related":[75],"ranging":[77],"from":[78],"bacterial":[79],"viral":[81],"fungal,":[83],"also":[85,145],"discussed,":[86],"highlighting":[87],"importance":[89],"sterile":[91],"tattooing":[92,201],"practices.":[93],"Further,":[94],"potential":[96,165],"hypertrophic":[100],"scars,":[101],"keloids,":[102],"dermatofibromas,":[104],"is":[105],"evaluated,":[106],"particularly":[107],"individuals":[109,222],"a":[111],"predisposition":[112],"abnormal":[114],"wound":[115],"healing.":[116],"Although":[117],"no":[118],"direct":[119],"causative":[120],"link":[121],"between":[122],"cancers":[126],"has":[127],"established,":[129],"can":[131],"obscure":[132],"early":[133],"detection":[134],"malignancies,":[136],"potentially":[137],"delaying":[138],"diagnosis":[139],"increasing":[141],"morbidity.":[142],"article":[144],"examines":[146],"emerging":[147],"trends":[148],"tattooing,":[151],"such":[152],"scleral":[154],"tattoos,":[155],"microblading,":[156],"scar":[158],"camouflage,":[159],"noting":[160],"both":[161,216],"benefits":[163],"complications.":[166],"Management":[167],"strategies":[168],"tattoo":[170],"complications,":[171],"procedural":[175],"interventions,":[176],"outlined.":[178],"Treatments":[179],"include":[180],"corticosteroids":[181],"laser":[185],"therapy":[186],"alteration,":[189],"surgical":[191],"options":[192],"severe":[194],"scarring.":[195],"The":[196],"growing":[197],"field":[198],"requires":[202],"continued":[203],"research":[204],"into":[205],"long-term":[207],"outcomes":[208],"management":[210],"complications":[213],"ensure":[215],"aesthetic":[217],"safety":[220],"seeking":[223],"these":[224],"modifications.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}