{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117136755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","title":"A Novel Surface Defect Detection Method for Carbon Fiber Composite Plates Based on Super-Resolution Reconstruction and U-Net Network","display_name":"A Novel Surface Defect Detection Method for Carbon Fiber Composite Plates Based on Super-Resolution Reconstruction and U-Net Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117136755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192142","display_name":"Engineering","issn_l":"2095-8099","issn":["2095-8099","2096-0026"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147475011","display_name":"Yixiong Feng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767679","display_name":"State Key Laboratory Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0g5x34","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixiong Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121233986","display_name":"Peiyan Pan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767679","display_name":"State Key Laboratory Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0g5x34","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072565510","display_name":"Qi Yu Kong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767679","display_name":"State Key Laboratory Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0g5x34","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033887624","display_name":"Bingtao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-8115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-8115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767679","display_name":"State Key Laboratory Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0g5x34","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bingtao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101147245","display_name":"Zhenghao Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153230","display_name":"Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050qhwt21","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802615301","https://openalex.org/I4210153230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, Shanghai 201109, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, Shanghai 201109, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junliang Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110572888","display_name":"Jianrong Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4482-6037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4482-6037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767679","display_name":"State Key Laboratory Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0g5x34","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianrong Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Design Engineering and Digital Twin of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033887624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":1300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1300},"fwci":0.5097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74592356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"123","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-defect-detection","display_name":"surface defect detection","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/super-resolution-reconstruction","display_name":"super-resolution reconstruction","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-net","display_name":"U-Net","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-segmentation","display_name":"semantic segmentation","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-radiography","display_name":"digital radiography","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-sample-learning","display_name":"small sample learning","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiscale-feature-fusion","display_name":"multi-scale feature fusion","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-defect-detection","display_name":"automated defect detection","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-materials","display_name":"composite materials","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993949409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910977","display_name":"Carbon fiber composite","level":3,"score":0.5004000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73801178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778579","display_name":"Reinforced carbon\u2013carbon","level":3,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192142","display_name":"Engineering","issn_l":"2095-8099","issn":["2095-8099","2096-0026"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d9810f5a39e9470684a528bbf7ada376","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d9810f5a39e9470684a528bbf7ada376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Engineering, Vol 63, Iss , Pp 123-136 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192142","display_name":"Engineering","issn_l":"2095-8099","issn":["2095-8099","2096-0026"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.49069902300834656,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1883640305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52205288","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2916658500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YF B4202803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042225269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024C01029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1976739556","https://openalex.org/W2012446396","https://openalex.org/W2042184006","https://openalex.org/W2044514019","https://openalex.org/W2055439588","https://openalex.org/W2064985253","https://openalex.org/W2069681747","https://openalex.org/W2073555419","https://openalex.org/W2081273121","https://openalex.org/W2082022191","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2131417370","https://openalex.org/W2204121946","https://openalex.org/W2760967785","https://openalex.org/W2765533642","https://openalex.org/W2770233088","https://openalex.org/W2773400987","https://openalex.org/W2790491154","https://openalex.org/W2796506861","https://openalex.org/W2801251329","https://openalex.org/W2843100567","https://openalex.org/W2895596641","https://openalex.org/W2900936384","https://openalex.org/W2902952891","https://openalex.org/W2906697496","https://openalex.org/W2941356554","https://openalex.org/W2953129827","https://openalex.org/W2955751796","https://openalex.org/W2977117446","https://openalex.org/W2994817145","https://openalex.org/W2995098893","https://openalex.org/W2998997213","https://openalex.org/W3010144798","https://openalex.org/W3036423690","https://openalex.org/W3041234082","https://openalex.org/W3081011962","https://openalex.org/W3087512145","https://openalex.org/W3098048737","https://openalex.org/W3127209859","https://openalex.org/W3189183618","https://openalex.org/W3195481744","https://openalex.org/W4200463340","https://openalex.org/W4200519212","https://openalex.org/W4206691754","https://openalex.org/W4210861081","https://openalex.org/W4224278552","https://openalex.org/W4224881938","https://openalex.org/W4283791586","https://openalex.org/W4285256571","https://openalex.org/W4308498148","https://openalex.org/W4321093740","https://openalex.org/W4323073223","https://openalex.org/W4365128558","https://openalex.org/W4384927597","https://openalex.org/W4388948650","https://openalex.org/W4396743028","https://openalex.org/W4400931941"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"and":[1,43,51,67,78,102,118,125,157],"accurate":[2],"detection":[3,66],"of":[4,40,61,138],"surface":[5],"defects":[6,34,52],"has":[7],"become":[8],"critical":[9,59],"with":[10,106],"the":[11,38,58,131,136,139],"increasing":[12],"demand":[13],"for":[14,149],"highly":[15],"reliable":[16],"carbon\u2011fiber":[17],"composite":[18],"plates":[19],"(CFCPs)":[20],"in":[21,35,64,114],"advanced":[22],"manufacturing.":[23],"This":[24,142],"study":[25],"proposes":[26],"a":[27,73,79,88,145],"dual-stage":[28],"enhancement":[29],"framework":[30,56,143],"to":[31,122],"detect":[32],"subtle":[33],"CFCPs,":[36],"addressing":[37],"limitations":[39],"conventional":[41],"down\u2011sampling":[42],"feature\u2011extraction":[44],"methods,":[45],"especially":[46],"when":[47],"samples":[48],"are":[49,53],"limited":[50],"subtle.":[54],"The":[55,109],"highlights":[57],"role":[60],"expert":[62],"knowledge":[63],"defect":[65,100,152],"allows":[68],"effective":[69],"parameter":[70],"transfer":[71],"between":[72],"task-specific":[74],"super-resolution":[75],"reconstruction":[76],"module":[77],"residual,":[80],"multiscale":[81],"fusion":[82],"semantic":[83],"segmentation":[84],"network.":[85],"Experiments":[86],"on":[87],"digital\u2011radiography":[89],"CFCPs":[90],"data":[91],"set":[92],"demonstrate":[93],"that":[94],"this":[95],"method":[96],"markedly":[97],"amplifies":[98],"weak":[99],"signatures":[101],"pinpoints":[103],"their":[104],"locations":[105],"high":[107],"fidelity.":[108],"findings":[110],"exhibit":[111],"significant":[112],"gains":[113],"precision,":[115],"recall,":[116],"F1\u2011score,":[117],"mean":[119],"intersection\u2011over\u2011Union":[120],"relative":[121],"U\u2011Net,":[123],"SegNet,":[124],"other":[126,158],"baselines.":[127],"In":[128],"small\u2011sample":[129],"conditions,":[130],"proposed":[132],"model":[133],"nearly":[134],"doubles":[135],"performance":[137],"canonical":[140],"U\u2011Net.":[141],"offers":[144],"broadly":[146],"applicable":[147],"solution":[148],"automated":[150],"micro\u2011scale":[151],"inspection":[153],"across":[154],"composite\u2011material":[155],"systems":[156],"advanced\u2011manufacturing":[159],"contexts.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}