{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117136272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","title":"Beyond the plug: Enhancing the user experience at public electric vehicle (EV) charging hubs. Insights from a multi-site UK study","display_name":"Beyond the plug: Enhancing the user experience at public electric vehicle (EV) charging hubs. Insights from a multi-site UK study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117136272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80150607","display_name":"Journal of Transport Geography","issn_l":"0966-6923","issn":["0966-6923","1873-1236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Transport Geography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019444349","display_name":"Labib Azzouz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-3958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-3958"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Labib Azzouz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056494771","display_name":"Christian Brand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-5328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-5328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Brand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078764688","display_name":"Tina Fawcett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-3675","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-3675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Fawcett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004256033","display_name":"Zhaoqi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-0346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-0346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoqi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121231495","display_name":"Maryam Altaf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Altaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019444349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":2.0397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87561467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"131","issue":null,"first_page":"104530","last_page":"104530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle-charging","display_name":"electric vehicle charging","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-experience","display_name":"user experience","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charging-infrastructure","display_name":"charging infrastructure","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessibility-transport-and-spatial-geography","display_name":"accessibility (transport and spatial geography)","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"usability","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"reliability","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-dissatisfaction","display_name":"user dissatisfaction","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-assistance","display_name":"remote support","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-app-usability","display_name":"mobile app usability","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociodemographic-factors","display_name":"sociodemographic factors","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trip-characteristics","display_name":"trip characteristics","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-design","display_name":"inclusive design","score":0.8230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.4805999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192424360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929408","display_name":"Multivariate analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987494969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193692","display_name":"Electric cars","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140665","display_name":"Charging station","level":4,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91262260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528074","display_name":"End user","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017738328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q613366","display_name":"User group","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781353284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901676","display_name":"Usage data","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143267671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901856","display_name":"User requirements document","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99527880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781118","display_name":"Universal design","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80150607","display_name":"Journal of Transport Geography","issn_l":"0966-6923","issn":["0966-6923","1873-1236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Transport Geography","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80150607","display_name":"Journal of Transport Geography","issn_l":"0966-6923","issn":["0966-6923","1873-1236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Transport Geography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.761900007724762,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5983688235282898,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6093758367","display_name":"UK Energy Research Centre Phase 4","funder_award_id":"EP/S029575/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320035","display_name":"UK Energy Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04yfnda77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","display_name":"Innovate UK","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar5fy68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982599697","https://openalex.org/W2014845919","https://openalex.org/W2028682956","https://openalex.org/W2067855972","https://openalex.org/W2133593001","https://openalex.org/W2174253539","https://openalex.org/W2194845202","https://openalex.org/W2197708404","https://openalex.org/W2379566314","https://openalex.org/W2550451977","https://openalex.org/W2590833226","https://openalex.org/W2612813657","https://openalex.org/W2797656660","https://openalex.org/W2809934307","https://openalex.org/W2890018085","https://openalex.org/W2969413139","https://openalex.org/W2989572795","https://openalex.org/W2990283943","https://openalex.org/W2992004803","https://openalex.org/W3002340403","https://openalex.org/W3013398906","https://openalex.org/W3126275196","https://openalex.org/W3196783671","https://openalex.org/W4200180552","https://openalex.org/W4206612474","https://openalex.org/W4224597171","https://openalex.org/W4229443589","https://openalex.org/W4293065390","https://openalex.org/W4293238928","https://openalex.org/W4296119417","https://openalex.org/W4309569059","https://openalex.org/W4312761132","https://openalex.org/W4313418957","https://openalex.org/W4319319456","https://openalex.org/W4319602885","https://openalex.org/W4385706245","https://openalex.org/W4388490196","https://openalex.org/W4393337143","https://openalex.org/W4393375399","https://openalex.org/W4399591199"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"electric":[1],"vehicle":[2],"(EV)":[3],"adoption":[4],"accelerates,":[5],"the":[6,20,40,100,169,224],"need":[7],"for":[8,121,216],"accessible,":[9],"efficient,":[10,239],"and":[11,45,50,59,72,89,91,105,112,125,134,139,156,158,173,190,201,203,218,226,234,241,253,267,303],"inclusive":[12,242,301],"charging":[13,26,41,66,87,94,183,244,260,271],"infrastructure":[14],"has":[15],"become":[16],"increasingly":[17],"critical.":[18],"However,":[19],"user":[21,61,80,191],"experience":[22,261,272],"at":[23,63],"public":[24,64,259],"EV":[25,65,84,93,185,243,248,268,297],"stations":[27,298],"remains":[28],"largely":[29],"underexplored.":[30],"Existing":[31],"research":[32],"often":[33],"focuses":[34],"narrowly":[35],"on":[36,69,79],"instrumental":[37],"dimensions":[38],"of":[39,123,128,136,171,199,275],"process,":[42],"overlooking":[43],"attitudinal":[44],"affective":[46,60,254],"aspects.":[47],"Addressing":[48],"this":[49,53],"other":[51],"gaps,":[52],"study":[54,101,211],"investigates":[55],"diverse":[56],"instrumental,":[57],"attitudinal,":[58,252],"experiences":[62],"hubs,":[67,245],"focusing":[68],"accessibility,":[70,133],"usability,":[71,151],"reliability.":[73],"An":[74],"onsite":[75],"questionnaire":[76],"gathered":[77],"data":[78,154],"demographics,":[81],"journey":[82],"characteristics,":[83],"driving":[85,186],"patterns,":[86],"habits":[88,269],"preferences,":[90],"(30)":[92],"experiences.":[95,195],"Beyond":[96],"traditional":[97],"performance":[98],"ratings,":[99],"differentiated":[102],"between":[103],"expected":[104],"actual":[106],"\u2018realised\u2019":[107],"experiences,":[108],"calculating":[109],"disgruntlement":[110,142],"scores":[111],"dissatisfaction":[113,145],"levels.":[114],"Findings":[115],"suggested":[116],"that":[117,223],"expectations":[118],"were":[119],"highest":[120],"ease":[122],"use":[124],"payment,":[126],"availability":[127],"functioning":[129],"rapid":[130,279],"chargers,":[131],"station":[132],"perceptions":[135],"safety,":[137],"security,":[138,291],"hygiene.":[140],"Aggregate":[141],"analysis":[143],"identified":[144],"with":[146],"remote":[147,286],"assistance,":[148,287],"mobile":[149,288],"app":[150],"clarity":[152],"in":[153,236],"sharing":[155],"costs,":[157],"service":[159,292],"information":[160],"provision.":[161],"MANOVA":[162],"results":[163],"revealed":[164,206],"significant":[165],"cross-hub":[166],"variations,":[167],"underscoring":[168],"impact":[170],"location":[172],"site-specific":[174,304],"characteristics.":[175],"Additionally,":[176],"factors":[177,205],"such":[178],"as":[179],"age,":[180],"trip":[181,265],"purpose,":[182],"duration,":[184],"experience,":[187],"residential":[188],"location,":[189],"type":[192],"significantly":[193],"influenced":[194],"The":[196,210],"\u2018combined\u2019":[197],"influence":[198],"hubs":[200],"user-":[202],"trip-related":[204],"further":[207],"novel":[208],"insights.":[209],"concluded":[212],"by":[213],"highlighting":[214],"areas":[215],"improvement":[217],"interventions.":[219],"It":[220],"is":[221,294],"hoped":[222],"findings":[225],"recommendations":[227],"discussed":[228],"will":[229],"assist":[230],"policymakers,":[231],"planners,":[232],"designers,":[233],"operators":[235],"creating":[237],"more":[238],"equitable,":[240],"supporting":[246],"wider":[247],"transitions.":[249],"\u2022":[250,262,273,284,296],"Instrumental,":[251],"topics":[255],"all":[256],"contribute":[257],"to":[258],"Hubs,":[263],"socio-demographics,":[264],"traits,":[266],"shape":[270],"Availability":[274],"vacant,":[276],"working,":[277],"easy-to-use":[278],"charger":[280],"remain":[281],"central":[282],"expectation":[283],"Enhancing":[285],"app,":[289],"site":[290],"amenities":[293],"required":[295],"should":[299],"feature":[300],"design":[302],"services":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}