{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116846975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","title":"A novel multimodal fusion deep network for identifying hillside urban expansion","display_name":"A novel multimodal fusion deep network for identifying hillside urban expansion","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116846975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7804318","display_name":"GIScience & Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1548-1603","issn":["1548-1603","1943-7226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GIScience &amp; Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062613425","display_name":"Linlin Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165859042","display_name":"Huaibei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek23472","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Technology Research Center of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System of Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University","Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System of Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042","https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121060650","display_name":"Wan Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0002-364X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0002-364X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165859042","display_name":"Huaibei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek23472","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wan Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Technology Research Center of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System of Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University","Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System of Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042","https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068250169","display_name":"Kaifang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-2885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-2885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165859042","display_name":"Huaibei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek23472","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaifang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Technology Research Center of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System of Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University","Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-2885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Resources Environment and Geographic Information System of Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042","https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068250169","https://openalex.org/A5121060650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042","https://openalex.org/I4472751"],"apc_list":{"value":1880,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":1880,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2390},"fwci":0.4258,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70839138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.23649999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-fusion","display_name":"multimodal fusion","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain-characteristics","display_name":"frequency-domain features","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-and-spatial-attention","display_name":"channel and spatial attention","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-change-detection","display_name":"land use change detection","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-growth-monitoring","display_name":"urban growth monitoring","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.7542999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61272859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834031","display_name":"Transferability","level":3,"score":0.5746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5454999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46650001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7804318","display_name":"GIScience & Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1548-1603","issn":["1548-1603","1943-7226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GIScience &amp; Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6da5c9d3710e43768ac9da18b97b9a22","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6da5c9d3710e43768ac9da18b97b9a22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GIScience & Remote Sensing, Vol 63, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2605708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7804318","display_name":"GIScience & Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1548-1603","issn":["1548-1603","1943-7226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GIScience &amp; Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8787999749183655,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.768710732460022,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7310386496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42571313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044387250","https://openalex.org/W2055718260","https://openalex.org/W2058891717","https://openalex.org/W2086620533","https://openalex.org/W2340238389","https://openalex.org/W2895942690","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2924400300","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2969825080","https://openalex.org/W2973186679","https://openalex.org/W2977267920","https://openalex.org/W3034771037","https://openalex.org/W3043831965","https://openalex.org/W3089919509","https://openalex.org/W3111156583","https://openalex.org/W3132578272","https://openalex.org/W3136709964","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3170544306","https://openalex.org/W3188524028","https://openalex.org/W3202579583","https://openalex.org/W4200142374","https://openalex.org/W4206281233","https://openalex.org/W4293105213","https://openalex.org/W4300424419","https://openalex.org/W4313528450","https://openalex.org/W4315705623","https://openalex.org/W4367031510","https://openalex.org/W4376866704","https://openalex.org/W4386071462","https://openalex.org/W4387482906","https://openalex.org/W4387824683","https://openalex.org/W4390654630","https://openalex.org/W4391569588","https://openalex.org/W4392574360","https://openalex.org/W4392872715","https://openalex.org/W4392876828","https://openalex.org/W4396650716","https://openalex.org/W4399258932","https://openalex.org/W4400196562","https://openalex.org/W4402234085","https://openalex.org/W4402556407","https://openalex.org/W4402665270","https://openalex.org/W4403193080","https://openalex.org/W4403211028","https://openalex.org/W4404787686","https://openalex.org/W4409529064","https://openalex.org/W4410986226","https://openalex.org/W4413259082","https://openalex.org/W6910681941","https://openalex.org/W7133196671","https://openalex.org/W7138315419"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hillside":[0],"urban":[1,34,189],"expansion":[2],"(HUE)":[3],"threatens":[4],"fragile":[5],"and":[6,9,14,32,43,74,94,102,113,125,134,163,182,193],"sensitive":[7],"mountainous":[8,192],"hilly":[10,38,194],"ecosystems,":[11],"increasing":[12],"geological":[13],"ecological":[15],"risks":[16],"that":[17,71,118],"adversely":[18],"affect":[19],"human":[20],"well-being.":[21],"Accurate":[22],"HUE":[23,47,79,169,180],"identification":[24,56,80,181],"is":[25],"therefore":[26],"essential":[27],"for":[28,77,165,178],"understanding":[29],"land-use":[30],"conflicts":[31],"optimizing":[33],"spatial":[35,55,101,142],"planning":[36],"in":[37,81,137,191],"regions.":[39,195],"However,":[40],"the":[41],"fragmented":[42],"small-scale":[44],"nature":[45],"of":[46,132,168],"patches,":[48],"coupled":[49],"with":[50,129],"severe":[51],"land-cover":[52],"confusion,":[53],"makes":[54],"highly":[57],"challenging.":[58],"To":[59],"address":[60],"this":[61],"issue,":[62],"we":[63],"proposed":[64],"a":[65,85,98,174],"multimodal":[66],"fusion":[67],"deep":[68,126],"network":[69],"(HUENet)":[70],"integrates":[72],"spatial-":[73],"frequency-domain":[75,100],"features":[76],"improved":[78],"complex":[82],"terrains.":[83],"First,":[84],"prior-based":[86],"masking":[87],"strategy":[88],"was":[89,107],"used":[90],"to":[91,109,186],"construct":[92],"training":[93],"validation":[95],"datasets.":[96,152],"Then,":[97],"multi-scale":[99],"channel":[103],"attention":[104],"(MFSCA)":[105],"module":[106],"introduced":[108],"enhance":[110],"feature":[111],"representation":[112],"fusion.":[114],"Experimental":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"HUENet":[119,139,155],"significantly":[120],"outperforms":[121],"mainstream":[122],"machine":[123],"learning":[124,127],"models,":[128],"mIoU":[130],"improvements":[131],"3.28%\u201314.67%":[133],"notable":[135],"gains":[136],"efficiency.":[138],"exhibits":[140,156],"high":[141],"accuracy,":[143],"achieving":[144],"an":[145],"overall":[146],"accuracy":[147],"exceeding":[148],"80%":[149],"across":[150,159],"related":[151],"In":[153],"addition,":[154],"strong":[157],"transferability":[158],"various":[160],"topographic":[161],"conditions":[162],"potential":[164],"long-term":[166],"monitoring":[167],"dynamics.":[170],"Our":[171],"study":[172],"offers":[173],"novel":[175],"methodological":[176],"approach":[177],"precise":[179],"provides":[183],"scientific":[184],"insights":[185],"support":[187],"sustainable":[188],"development":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-12-23T00:00:00"}
