{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7110690914","doi":null,"title":"Prevention of Contrail Formation in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Aircraft","display_name":"Prevention of Contrail Formation in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Aircraft","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7110690914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:218018","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/218018/1/Gebhart%202025%20Prevention%20of%20Contrail%20Formation%20in%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Cell%20Aircraft.pdf","pdf_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/218018/1/Gebhart%202025%20Prevention%20of%20Contrail%20Formation%20in%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Cell%20Aircraft.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Konferenzbeitrag"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gebhart, Raphael","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gebhart, Raphael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Van der Linden, Franciscus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van der Linden, Franciscus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56417065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12567","display_name":"Heat transfer and supercritical fluids","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrail-formation","display_name":"contrail formation","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-fuel-cell-aircraft","display_name":"hydrogen fuel cell aircraft","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-propulsion","display_name":"fuel cell propulsion","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-vapor-condensation","display_name":"water vapor condensation","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drag-minimization","display_name":"drag minimization","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-strategy","display_name":"control strategy","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-impact-of-aviation","display_name":"aviation climate impact","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-co2-emissions","display_name":"non-CO2 emissions","score":0.902999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110050840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654051","display_name":"Turbofan","level":2,"score":0.7803000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.6363000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780934509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571589","display_name":"Condenser (optics)","level":3,"score":0.5351999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182969404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698552","display_name":"Aircraft fuel system","level":5,"score":0.5266000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779139147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320173","display_name":"Exhaust gas","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39643299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178777","display_name":"Jet engine","level":2,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9682599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11549077","display_name":"Hydrogen fuel","level":3,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780951926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3522973","display_name":"Jet propulsion","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10612715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295154","display_name":"Environmental control system","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:218018","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/218018/1/Gebhart%202025%20Prevention%20of%20Contrail%20Formation%20in%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Cell%20Aircraft.pdf","pdf_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/218018/1/Gebhart%202025%20Prevention%20of%20Contrail%20Formation%20in%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Cell%20Aircraft.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Konferenzbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.821399986743927,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.621525228023529,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contrail":[0],"emissions":[1],"are":[2],"aviation's":[3],"largest":[4],"non-CO2":[5],"contribution":[6],"to":[7,12,29,61,120,145],"global":[8],"climate":[9],"change.":[10],"According":[11],"the":[13,79,87,94,105],"Schmidt-Appleman":[14],"criterion,":[15],"low-temperature":[16],"fuel":[17,66,88,97,142],"cell":[18,67,89,98],"propulsion":[19,68],"systems":[20],"can":[21,75],"promote":[22],"contrail":[23,63],"formation":[24,64],"in":[25,86],"three":[26],"ways":[27],"compared":[28,144],"conventional":[30,146],"turbofan":[31,147],"engines:":[32],"1)":[33],"through":[34,39,46],"hydrogen":[35],"as":[36,122,125],"fuel,":[37],"2)":[38],"increased":[40],"efficiency":[41],"and,":[42],"most":[43],"importantly,":[44],"3)":[45],"external":[47],"cooling.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"covers":[51],"theoretical":[52],"background,":[53],"system":[54],"design,":[55],"control":[56,116],"strategies":[57],"and":[58,91],"practical":[59],"considerations":[60],"avoid":[62],"for":[65,141],"systems.":[69],"It":[70],"is":[71,118],"derived":[72],"how":[73],"contrails":[74,133],"be":[76],"avoided":[77],"by":[78],"combination":[80],"of":[81],"firstly":[82],"condensing":[83],"water":[84,124],"vapor":[85],"exhaust":[90,99],"secondly":[92],"mixing":[93],"still":[95],"moist":[96],"with":[100],"dry":[101],"cooling":[102,108],"air.":[103],"Since":[104],"additional":[106,113,129],"condenser":[107],"air":[109],"flow":[110],"will":[111],"create":[112],"drag,":[114],"a":[115,137],"scheme":[117],"presented":[119],"condense":[121],"little":[123],"necessary,":[126],"thus":[127],"minimizing":[128],"drag.":[130],"Potentially":[131],"avoiding":[132],"completely":[134],"may":[135],"represent":[136],"major":[138],"environmental":[139],"opportunity":[140],"cells":[143],"engines.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-02T07:38:04.252551","created_date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00"}