{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7110600583","doi":null,"title":"The Effect of Administered Animal-Assisted Therapy on University Students' Anxiety and Stress","display_name":"The Effect of Administered Animal-Assisted Therapy on University Students' Anxiety and Stress","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7110600583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.uark.edu:nursuht-1233","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/nursuht/217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764830181","display_name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","issn_l":"2326-0491","issn":["2326-0491","2326-0505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320103","host_organization_name":"Arkansas Academy of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arkansas Academy of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/nursuht/217","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Penton, Chloe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Penton, Chloe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38502918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11768","display_name":"Music Therapy and Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14085","display_name":"Student Stress and Coping","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-assisted-therapy","display_name":"animal-assisted therapy","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapy-dogs","display_name":"therapy dogs","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canine-assisted-interventions","display_name":"canine-assisted interventions","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-anxiety","display_name":"test anxiety","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exam-stress","display_name":"exam stress","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-anxiety","display_name":"state anxiety","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait-anxiety","display_name":"trait anxiety","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-stress","display_name":"perceived stress","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-students","display_name":"nursing students","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-reduction","display_name":"stress reduction","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undergraduate-students","display_name":"undergraduate students","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-interventions","display_name":"low-cost interventions","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-trait-anxiety-inventory","display_name":"State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-stress-scale","display_name":"Perceived Stress Scale","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-animal-interaction","display_name":"human-animal interaction","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-in-higher-education","display_name":"mental health in higher education","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.730400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.6766999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.6568999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6097999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.484499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781275859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426787","display_name":"Test anxiety","level":3,"score":0.46889999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777226563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q606591","display_name":"Animal-assisted therapy","level":4,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778251122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446198","display_name":"Exposure therapy","level":3,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501888929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837393","display_name":"Group psychotherapy","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7166982","display_name":"Perceived Stress Scale","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909088125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychological therapy","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777696351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5644839","display_name":"Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776653193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4878596","display_name":"Beck Anxiety Inventory","level":4,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.uark.edu:nursuht-1233","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/nursuht/217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764830181","display_name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","issn_l":"2326-0491","issn":["2326-0491","2326-0505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320103","host_organization_name":"Arkansas Academy of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arkansas Academy of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.uark.edu:nursuht-1233","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/nursuht/217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764830181","display_name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","issn_l":"2326-0491","issn":["2326-0491","2326-0505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320103","host_organization_name":"Arkansas Academy of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arkansas Academy of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7033296028","https://openalex.org/W2891343940","https://openalex.org/W3148230581","https://openalex.org/W2788083811","https://openalex.org/W3137397517","https://openalex.org/W2906947164","https://openalex.org/W4392603623","https://openalex.org/W4391927641","https://openalex.org/W2796553114","https://openalex.org/W4292849318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Purpose:":[1],"The":[2,149,180,223,250,426],"purpose":[3],"of":[4,13,43,79,125,162,173,258,264,287,297,309,332,359,428],"this":[5,288,353,429],"research":[6,412,423,430],"study":[7,34,74,120,289,431],"is":[8,40,424,438,459],"to":[9,31,52,69,82,105,130,175,239,278,417],"evaluate":[10],"the":[11,24,77,106,109,131,137,193,196,231,242,248,256,259,265,281,295,396,418],"effects":[12],"animal-assisted":[14,88,392],"therapy":[15,39,45,89,144,168,243,393],"(AAT)":[16,140],"on":[17,255,400],"undergraduate":[18,97,115],"student":[19,54,98],"anxiety":[20,219,317,328,340,350,436],"and":[21,57,84,134,153,164,187,195,202,210,226,230,246,269],"stress,":[22],"comparing":[23],"effectiveness":[25],"between":[26,192],"an":[27,354,446,450],"individual":[28],"AAT":[29,80,112,160,411,447],"session":[30,35,161,394,448],"a":[32,41,49,59,91,122,142,167,171,274,362,442,455],"group":[33,139,172],"without":[36],"AAT.":[37],"Animal-assisted":[38],"type":[42],"canine":[44],"that":[46,433,437],"may":[47],"be":[48],"helpful":[50],"tool":[51],"decrease":[53,365],"test":[55,235],"anxiety,":[56,435,454,458],"potentially,":[58],"meaningful":[60],"stress-reducing":[61],"intervention":[62,138],"for":[63,96,217],"university":[64],"students.":[65,116,306],"Our":[66],"results":[67,383],"sought":[68],"examine":[70],"differences":[71],"in":[72,108,136,170,220,314,326,337,348,366,377],"traditional":[73],"practices":[75],"vs":[76],"use":[78,113],"prior":[81,129,238],"exams,":[83],"support":[85],"or":[86],"refute":[87],"as":[90,304,386,409],"low-cost,":[92],"minimal-risk,":[93],"effective":[94],"solution":[95],"anxiety.":[99],"This":[100,118,404],"will":[101],"add":[102],"valuable":[103],"information":[104],"gap":[107],"literature":[110],"regarding":[111],"among":[114],"Methods:":[117],"cross-sectional":[119],"used":[121],"convenience":[123],"sample":[124,420],"volunteer":[126],"students,":[127],"solicited":[128],"interaction":[132,191],"date,":[133],"placed":[135],"with":[141,166,241,294],"certified":[143],"dog,":[145],"Bella,":[146],"approved":[147],"by":[148,441],"Institutional":[150],"Animal":[151],"Care":[152],"Use":[154],"Committee":[155],"(IACUC).":[156],"A":[157,389],"single":[158],"20-minute":[159,391],"interacting":[163,240],"playing":[165],"dog":[169,181,244],"up":[174],"5":[176],"students":[177],"was":[178,185,406],"utilized.":[179],"handler,":[182],"Dr.":[183],"Scott,":[184],"present":[186],"did":[188],"not":[189,407],"encourage":[190],"participant":[194],"dog.":[197],"Outcome":[198],"measures":[199],"include":[200],"pre-exam":[201,224],"post-exam":[203],"State-Anxiety":[204],"Inventory":[205,208,228],"scores,":[206,209,214,318,341,351,369,380],"Trait-Anxiety":[207,227],"Perceived":[211,232],"Stress":[212,233],"Scale":[213,234],"validated":[215],"tools":[216],"measuring":[218],"young":[221],"adults.":[222],"State-":[225],"test,":[229],"were":[236,253,271],"taken":[237],"(intervention),":[245],"taking":[247],"exam.":[249],"post-test":[251],"surveys":[252],"completed":[254],"day":[257],"exam,":[260,451],"within":[261],"two":[262],"hours":[263],"intervention.":[266],"Both":[267],"pre-":[268],"post-surveys":[270],"administered":[272],"using":[273,280],"QR":[275],"code":[276],"linked":[277],"Qualtrics,":[279],"participants\u2019":[282],"hand-held":[283],"device.":[284],"Results:":[285],"Demographics":[286],"included":[290],"11":[291],"female":[292],"participants":[293,298,310,333,360],"majority":[296],"(n":[299],"=":[300],"9,":[301],"81.8%)":[302],"identifying":[303],"nursing":[305],"Eighty-two":[307],"percent":[308,331,358],"displayed":[311],"significant":[312,324,335,346,364,375,398],"decreases":[313,336,444],"post-intervention":[315,338,367,378,401],"State":[316,327],"while":[319,342,370,452],"18.2%":[320],"reported":[321,361],"no":[322,345,373],"statistically":[323,363,374,384],"changes":[325,347],"scores.":[329,403],"Nine":[330],"showed":[334,372],"Trait":[339,349],"90.9%":[343],"expressed":[344],"deeming":[352],"insignificant":[355,385],"finding.":[356],"Twenty-seven":[357],"stress":[368,379],"72.7%":[371],"change":[376],"making":[381],"these":[382],"well.":[387],"Discussion:":[388],"short":[390],"had":[395,413],"most":[397],"effect":[399],"State-anxiety":[402],"discovery":[405],"unexpected,":[408],"much":[410],"similar":[414],"findings.":[415],"Due":[416],"small":[419],"size,":[421],"further":[422],"needed.":[425],"findings":[427],"are":[432],"state":[434],"temporarily":[439],"felt":[440],"person,":[443],"after":[445],"before":[449],"trait":[453],"participant's":[456],"general":[457],"unaffected.":[460]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00"}
