{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7106295459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777910","title":"SMART: A Semantic-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Interpretable Feature Engineering","display_name":"SMART: A Semantic-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Interpretable Feature Engineering","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7106295459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3777910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777910","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3777910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3777910","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099022862","display_name":"Mohamed Bouadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3905-0588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3905-0588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I40434647","https://openalex.org/I4210124654","https://openalex.org/I48825208"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386760","display_name":"Laboratoire Informatique Paris Descartes","ror":"https://ror.org/04s80ef73","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I40434647","https://openalex.org/I4210124654","https://openalex.org/I4403386760","https://openalex.org/I48825208"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Bouadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIPADE, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3905-0588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIPADE, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4403386760"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arta Alavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7051-5833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7051-5833"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arta Alavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAP France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7051-5833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAP France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073280092","display_name":"Salima Benbernou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-8152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-8152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I40434647","https://openalex.org/I4210124654","https://openalex.org/I48825208"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386760","display_name":"Laboratoire Informatique Paris Descartes","ror":"https://ror.org/04s80ef73","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I40434647","https://openalex.org/I4210124654","https://openalex.org/I4403386760","https://openalex.org/I48825208"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salima Benbernou","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIPADE, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-8152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIPADE, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4403386760"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086740653","display_name":"Mourad Ouziri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-2781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-2781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I40434647","https://openalex.org/I4210124654","https://openalex.org/I48825208"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386760","display_name":"Laboratoire Informatique Paris Descartes","ror":"https://ror.org/04s80ef73","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I40434647","https://openalex.org/I4210124654","https://openalex.org/I4403386760","https://openalex.org/I48825208"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Ouziri","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIPADE, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-2781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIPADE, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4403386760"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40856447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.03150000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.02930000051856041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-feature-engineering","display_name":"automated feature engineering","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-interpretability","display_name":"model interpretability","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-technologies","display_name":"semantic technologies","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graphs","display_name":"knowledge graphs","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph-reasoning","display_name":"knowledge graph reasoning","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-reinforcement-learning","display_name":"deep reinforcement learning","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainability","display_name":"explainability","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9301999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.7889000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7720999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7447999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6933000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6615999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6284000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6238999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.5054000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101814296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439685","display_name":"Feature model","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3777910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777910","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3777910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3777910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777910","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3777910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7106295459.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7106295459.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053688343","https://openalex.org/W2182353144","https://openalex.org/W2740333758","https://openalex.org/W2759903677","https://openalex.org/W2862332728","https://openalex.org/W2977715335","https://openalex.org/W3000926013","https://openalex.org/W3009186105","https://openalex.org/W4281638598","https://openalex.org/W4283266241","https://openalex.org/W4385767940","https://openalex.org/W4401024831"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98],"quality":[1,10],"of":[2,11,52,88,124,149,156],"Machine":[3],"Learning":[4],"models":[5],"strongly":[6],"depends":[7],"on":[8,134],"the":[9,12,25,50,59,86,114,117,125,154,165],"input":[13],"data,":[14],"as":[15,33],"such":[16],"generating":[17],"high-quality":[18],"features":[19,90],"is":[20,30,40],"often":[21],"required":[22],"to":[23,32,84,109,119],"improve":[24],"predictive":[26],"accuracy.":[27],"This":[28,151],"process":[29],"referred":[31],"Feature":[34,38,77,162],"Engineering.":[35],"However,":[36],"manual":[37],"Engineering":[39,78],"time-consuming":[41],"and":[42,63,96,159],"requires":[43],"case-specific":[44],"domain":[45],"knowledge.":[46],"In":[47],"addition,":[48],"with":[49],"proliferation":[51],"ML-powered":[53],"systems,":[54],"especially":[55],"in":[56],"critical":[57],"contexts,":[58],"need":[60],"for":[61,167],"interpretability":[62],"explainability":[64],"becomes":[65],"increasingly":[66],"important.":[67],"To":[68],"tackle":[69],"this":[70],"problem,":[71],"we":[72],"introduce":[73],"SMART,":[74],"an":[75],"automated":[76],"approach":[79],"that":[80,138],"uses":[81,100],"semantic":[82],"technologies":[83],"guide":[85],"generation":[87],"interpretable":[89,168],"through":[91,128],"a":[92,101,105,121,146],"two-step":[93],"process:":[94],"Exploitation":[95],"Exploration.":[97],"former":[99],"reasoning":[102,160],"algorithm":[103],"over":[104],"Knowledge":[106],"Graph":[107],"(KG)":[108],"infer":[110],"domain-specific":[111],"features,":[112],"while":[113,144],"latter":[115],"exploits":[116],"KG":[118],"conduct":[120],"guided":[122],"exploration":[123],"search":[126],"space":[127],"Deep":[129],"Reinforcement":[130],"Learning.":[131],"Our":[132],"experiments":[133],"public":[135],"datasets":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"SMART":[139],"significantly":[140],"improves":[141],"prediction":[142],"accuracy":[143],"ensuring":[145],"high":[147],"level":[148],"interpretability.":[150],"work":[152],"highlights":[153],"potential":[155],"combining":[157],"KGs":[158],"within":[161],"Engineering,":[163],"paving":[164],"way":[166],"ML":[169],"models.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-11T09:32:39.932853","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}