{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7105766089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","title":"Copper activation mechanisms on pyrrhotite Superstructures: Insights from Flotation, synchrotron diffraction and DFT calculations","display_name":"Copper activation mechanisms on pyrrhotite Superstructures: Insights from Flotation, synchrotron diffraction and DFT calculations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7105766089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181849944","display_name":"Minerals Engineering","issn_l":"0892-6875","issn":["0892-6875","1872-9444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006622054","display_name":"Alireza Rezvani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-4471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-4471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Rezvani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-4471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005243217","display_name":"Foad Raji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3512-8162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3512-8162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Foad Raji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3512-8162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rong Fan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Mineral Resources, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Mineral Resources, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026013695","display_name":"Ronel Kappes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-5023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-5023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48560098","display_name":"Newmont Mining (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a10ec77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48560098"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronel Kappes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newmont Corporation, Denver, CO 80111 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-5023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newmont Corporation, Denver, CO 80111 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48560098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062707379","display_name":"Yongjun Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-3963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-3963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-3963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062707379"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"fwci":0.4956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43715966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"236","issue":null,"first_page":"109931","last_page":"109931"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11401","display_name":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11401","display_name":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11073","display_name":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrrhotite","display_name":"pyrrhotite","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flotation","display_name":"flotation","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-ore","display_name":"gold ore","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-ii-adsorption","display_name":"copper(II) adsorption","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-electronic-structure","display_name":"surface electronic structure","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-transfer","display_name":"charge transfer","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrophobicity","display_name":"hydrophobicity","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777163820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421944","display_name":"Pyrrhotite","level":3,"score":0.9731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.6769000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.6599000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77557913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864822","display_name":"Electron diffraction","level":3,"score":0.47369998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21368211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689863","display_name":"Synchrotron","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152365726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589","display_name":"Density functional theory","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115645028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902629","display_name":"Rietveld refinement","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185039092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376044","display_name":"Powder diffraction","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50515024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826582","display_name":"X-ray crystallography","level":3,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115624301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901","display_name":"Crystal structure","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181849944","display_name":"Minerals Engineering","issn_l":"0892-6875","issn":["0892-6875","1872-9444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181849944","display_name":"Minerals Engineering","issn_l":"0892-6875","issn":["0892-6875","1872-9444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3844090168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PDR22100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4298497154","display_name":"Depressing pyrrhotite in copper and gold flotation","funder_award_id":"LP200200717","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312130","display_name":"Newmont Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/05a10ec77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320984","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181798372","https://openalex.org/W1579146678","https://openalex.org/W1981368803","https://openalex.org/W1981992922","https://openalex.org/W1996732309","https://openalex.org/W2004651743","https://openalex.org/W2007646751","https://openalex.org/W2010762757","https://openalex.org/W2022085321","https://openalex.org/W2028046413","https://openalex.org/W2028056984","https://openalex.org/W2054737847","https://openalex.org/W2055736573","https://openalex.org/W2060928192","https://openalex.org/W2064203260","https://openalex.org/W2119607070","https://openalex.org/W2130713603","https://openalex.org/W2148515586","https://openalex.org/W2322910114","https://openalex.org/W2555471930","https://openalex.org/W2784001656","https://openalex.org/W2801748374","https://openalex.org/W2973180169","https://openalex.org/W3022970097","https://openalex.org/W3038025793","https://openalex.org/W4233998925","https://openalex.org/W4293072381","https://openalex.org/W4389734071","https://openalex.org/W4401221737","https://openalex.org/W4401342975","https://openalex.org/W4402567753","https://openalex.org/W4413053296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413053296","https://openalex.org/W4401342975","https://openalex.org/W4413807705","https://openalex.org/W4393219253","https://openalex.org/W2555471930","https://openalex.org/W2064203260","https://openalex.org/W4389734071","https://openalex.org/W2914738553","https://openalex.org/W2070732005","https://openalex.org/W2606017451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1],"of":[2,24,189],"copper":[3,224],"sulfate":[4],"to":[5,21,47],"enhance":[6],"pyrrhotite":[7,26,49,66,98,191,221],"flotation":[8,238],"is":[9],"common":[10],"in":[11,51,150],"gold":[12,53],"processing,":[13],"yet":[14],"the":[15,22,69,100,143,186],"activation":[16,160,235],"mechanisms":[17],"remain":[18],"unclear":[19],"due":[20],"coexistence":[23],"multiple":[25],"superstructures.":[27,76],"This":[28],"study":[29],"applied":[30],"advanced":[31],"mineralogical":[32,93],"techniques,":[33],"including":[34],"magnetic":[35],"colloid":[36],"separation,":[37],"electron":[38],"backscatter":[39],"diffraction":[40],"(EBSD)":[41],"and":[42,64,74,109,129,135,158,199,211,226],"synchrotron":[43],"X-ray":[44],"powder":[45],"diffraction,":[46],"identify":[48],"phases":[50],"two":[52],"ores.":[54],"It":[55],"was":[56,81,125],"identified":[57],"that":[58,96,179,185],"one":[59],"ore":[60],"contained":[61],"4C,":[62],"5C":[63,73,97,128,144,190],"6C":[65,75,80,108,130],"superstructures,":[67],"while":[68],"other":[70],"included":[71],"only":[72],"In":[77,164],"both":[78],"ores,":[79],"dominant,":[82],"followed":[83,106],"by":[84,107],"5C,":[85],"with":[86,92],"minor":[87],"4C.":[88,110],"Flotation":[89],"tests":[90],"coupled":[91],"analysis":[94],"showed":[95],"achieved":[99],"highest":[101],"CuSO":[102],"4":[103],"-activated":[104],"recovery,":[105],"To":[111],"explain":[112],"this":[113],"trend,":[114],"density":[115],"functional":[116],"theory":[117],"(DFT)":[118],"calculations":[119],"were":[120],"performed.":[121],"Cu":[122,156,203],"2+":[123,204],"adsorption":[124,157],"strongest":[126],"on":[127,170],"surfaces":[131,172],"via":[132,173],"Cu\u2013S":[133],"bonding":[134],"significant":[136],"charge":[137],"transfer,":[138],"enhancing":[139],"surface":[140,196,227],"reactivity.":[141],"Additionally,":[142],"structure":[145,198],"exhibited":[146],"greater":[147],"electronic":[148,197],"delocalization":[149],"Fe":[151],"orbitals,":[152],"promoting":[153],"more":[154],"stable":[155],"stronger":[159],"under":[161],"neutral":[162],"pH.":[163],"contrast,":[165],"Cu(OH)":[166],"2":[167],"preferentially":[168],"adsorbed":[169],"4C":[171],"Fe\u2013O":[174],"bonds,":[175],"forming":[176],"passivating":[177],"layers":[178],"suppressed":[180],"flotation.":[181],"These":[182,214],"results":[183],"demonstrated":[184],"superior":[187],"floatability":[188],"arose":[192],"from":[193],"its":[194],"favorable":[195],"higher":[200],"affinity":[201],"for":[202],",":[205],"which":[206],"promoted":[207],"effective":[208],"collector":[209],"attachment":[210],"enhanced":[212],"hydrophobicity.":[213],"findings":[215],"established":[216],"a":[217],"clear":[218],"link":[219],"between":[220],"crystal":[222],"structure,":[223],"speciation":[225],"chemistry,":[228],"offering":[229],"new":[230],"insights":[231],"into":[232],"how":[233],"specific":[234],"pathways":[236],"govern":[237],"performance.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-11-15T00:00:00"}
