{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7104666303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574823","title":"Techno-Economic Feasibility of Centralized and Decentralized Ammonia Production in the United States - Dataset","display_name":"Techno-Economic Feasibility of Centralized and Decentralized Ammonia Production in the United States - Dataset","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7104666303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17574823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"volume":null,"type":"dataset","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574823","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023629391","display_name":"Stefano Mingolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9379-2980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9379-2980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196817621","display_name":"Carnegie Institution for Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr01610","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingolla, Stefano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Institution for Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9379-2980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Institution for Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027453034","display_name":"Lorenzo Rosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-9945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-9945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196817621","display_name":"Carnegie Institution for Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr01610","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa, Lorenzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Institution for Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-9945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Institution for Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12112","display_name":"Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction","score":0.09049999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-synthesis","display_name":"ammonia synthesis","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-feasibility","display_name":"techno-economic feasibility","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-supply-chain","display_name":"fertilizer supply chain","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatially-explicit-model","display_name":"spatially explicit model","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"linear programming","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-pricing","display_name":"carbon pricing","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-credits","display_name":"tax credits","score":0.6970000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6097999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5774999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181258405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3961934","display_name":"Ammonia production","level":3,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17574823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17574824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17574823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17574823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9991999864578247,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.875,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7105800842","https://openalex.org/W7204050968","https://openalex.org/W7166699852","https://openalex.org/W7171547112","https://openalex.org/W7024507986","https://openalex.org/W6893101524","https://openalex.org/W4396978203","https://openalex.org/W4309816163","https://openalex.org/W4396977976","https://openalex.org/W4293077275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Usage":[0],"Notes":[1],"This":[2],"repository":[3],"contains":[4],"comprehensive":[5],"data":[6,35,173],"supporting":[7],"the":[8,14,25,33,39,42,51,69,78,90,99,147,157,320,328,439,458,479],"figures":[9,40,57],"and":[10,20,45,74,117,123,141,154,171,174,187,244,283,288,301,327,348,354,406,425,427,431,503,527,550,567,578],"analyses":[11],"presented":[12],"in":[13,24,41,270,438,472,478],"article":[15,70],"\"Techno-Economic":[16],"Feasibility":[17],"of":[18,86,109,225,266,274,314,330,363,373,416,460,571],"Centralized":[19,216],"Decentralized":[21,235,292],"Ammonia":[22,82],"Production":[23],"United":[26,361],"States\".":[27],"The":[28],"Sopplementary":[29],"Data":[30],"file":[31],"provides":[32],"input":[34],"used":[36],"to":[37,55,66,68,138,164,178,230,241,249,260,305,483],"plot":[38],"main":[43],"manuscript":[44],"supplementary":[46],"information.":[47],"Each":[48],"sheet":[49],"within":[50],"Excel":[52],"files":[53],"corresponds":[54],"specific":[56],"or":[58,201,214,338],"datasets,":[59],"as":[60],"outlined":[61],"below.":[62],"Users":[63],"are":[64,128,286],"encouraged":[65],"refer":[67],"for":[71,93,107,184,233,254,280,342,398,421],"additional":[72],"context":[73],"detailed":[75],"information":[76],"regarding":[77],"datasets":[79],"presented.":[80],"Abstract:":[81],"is":[83,105,204],"a":[84,133,149,221,264,271],"cornerstone":[85],"modern":[87],"agriculture,":[88],"supplying":[89],"nitrogen":[91,380,464,473],"essential":[92],"crops":[94],"that":[95,192],"nourish":[96],"nearly":[97],"half":[98],"global":[100,110,151],"population.":[101],"Yet":[102],"its":[103],"production":[104,126,144,163,210,223,256,326,393],"responsible":[106],"~2%":[108],"greenhouse":[111],"gas":[112,213,424,493],"emissions.":[113],"To":[114],"meet":[115],"climate":[116],"food":[118],"security":[119],"goals,":[120],"sustainable,":[121],"low-carbon,":[122],"resilient":[124],"ammonia":[125,143,152,181,194,219,325,392,417,445],"systems":[127,237,246,285,293],"needed.":[129],"Here,":[130],"we":[131],"develop":[132],"spatially":[134],"explicit":[135],"techno-economic":[136],"model":[137],"compare":[139],"centralized":[140,209,255,422],"decentralized":[142,193,281,324],"pathways":[145],"across":[146],"U.S.,":[148],"major":[150],"producer":[153],"consumer,":[155],"spanning":[156],"full":[158],"supply":[159,170],"chain":[160],"from":[161,211,239,247,258,481],"hydrogen":[162],"fertilizer":[165,474],"delivery.":[166],"We":[167],"integrate":[168],"high-resolution":[169],"demand":[172,381],"apply":[175],"linear":[176],"optimization":[177],"estimate":[179],"delivered":[180,272,278],"costs,":[182],"accounting":[183],"geographic":[185],"mismatches":[186],"transportation.":[188],"Our":[189],"results":[190,318],"show":[191],"production,":[195],"whether":[196],"powered":[197],"by":[198,403,463],"grid":[199],"electricity":[200,295,331,430,540,572],"solar":[202,561],"energy,":[203],"substantially":[205],"more":[206],"expensive":[207],"than":[208],"natural":[212,217,492],"coal.":[215,234],"gas-based":[218],"has":[220],"median":[222,265],"cost":[224,273,307,332,415,447,570],"326":[226],"USD/tonne":[227,232],"NH3,":[228],"compared":[229],"499":[231],"grid-powered":[236],"range":[238,257],"659":[240],"1,634":[242],"USD/tonne,":[243,262,268,290],"solar-powered":[245,284],"1,077":[248],"2,266":[250],"USD/tonne.":[251,276],"Transportation":[252],"costs":[253,279],"7":[259],"85":[261],"with":[263],"40":[267],"resulting":[269],"343":[275],"Median":[277],"grid-":[282],"1,069":[287],"1,494":[289],"respectively.":[291],"require":[294],"prices":[296,494,517,541],"below":[297,310],"19":[298],"USD/MWh":[299,303],"(grid)":[300],"17":[302],"(solar)":[304],"achieve":[306],"parity,":[308],"well":[309],"2024":[311],"U.S.":[312,400,440,480],"averages":[313],"117":[315],"USD/MWh.":[316],"These":[317],"highlight":[319],"economic":[321],"challenges":[322],"facing":[323],"importance":[329],"reductions,":[333],"tax":[334],"credits,":[335],"carbon":[336],"pricing,":[337],"further":[339],"technological":[340],"breakthroughs":[341],"broader":[343],"viability.":[344],"Authors:":[345],"Stefano":[346],"Mingolla":[347],"Lorenzo":[349],"Rosa*":[350],"Affiliation:":[351],"Biosphere":[352],"Sciences":[353],"Engineering,":[355],"Carnegie":[356],"Science,":[357],"Stanford,":[358],"CA":[359],"94305,":[360],"States":[362],"America":[364],"Corresponding":[365],"Author:":[366],"*Lorenzo":[367],"Rosa":[368],"lrosa@carnegiescience.edu":[369],"Supplementary":[370],"Data:":[371],"Description":[372],"Sheets":[374],"Sheet":[375,386,411,441,452,466,485,509,533,556],"\"Fig":[376,387,412,453],"2":[377,388],"demand\":":[378],"County-level":[379,560],"estimates":[382],"(in":[383,395],"kt":[384,396],"N/year).":[385],"supply\":":[389],"Nominal":[390],"installed":[391],"capacity":[394,564],"NH3/year)":[397],"33":[399],"plants,":[401],"disaggregated":[402],"feedstock":[404],"type":[405],"geolocated":[407],"using":[408],"plant-level":[409],"coordinates.":[410],"3\":":[413,512],"Levelized":[414],"(LCOA,":[418],"USD/t":[419],"NH3)":[420],"(natural":[423],"coal)":[426],"decetralized":[428],"(grid":[429],"renewables)":[432],"based":[433,574],"on":[434,457,575],"historical":[435],"feedstock/fuel":[436],"ranges":[437],"\"LCOA":[442],"centralized\":":[443],"Average":[444],"transportation":[446],"per":[448],"county":[449],"(USD/t":[450,518],"NH3).":[451],"5\":":[454,536],"Provides":[455],"estimations":[456],"number":[459],"people":[461],"fed":[462],"fertilizers.":[465],"\"SI":[467,486,510,534,557],"Fig":[468,487,511,535,558],"1\":":[469],"Historical":[470,489,513,537],"trend":[471],"(N-fertilizer)":[475],"agricultural":[476],"use":[477],"1961":[482],"2023":[484],"2\":":[488],"(1997\u20132024)":[490],"state-level":[491,515,539],"(USD/MMBtu),":[495],"including":[496,520,543],"optimistic":[497,521,544],"(5th":[498,522,545],"percentile),":[499,502,523,526,546,549],"reference":[500,524,547],"(50th":[501,525,548],"pessimistic":[504,528,551,579],"(95th":[505,529,552],"percentile)":[506,530,553],"scenario":[507,531,554],"projections.":[508,532,555],"(2000\u20132024)":[514],"coal":[516],"coal),":[519],"(2001\u20132024)":[538],"(USD/MWh),":[542],"6\":":[559],"photovoltaic":[562],"(PV)":[563],"factors":[565],"(%)":[566],"derived":[568],"levelized":[569],"(USD/MWh)":[573],"optimistic,":[576],"reference,":[577],"assumptions.":[580]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-11-11T00:00:00"}