{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7104538231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v30n6p625","title":"Cardiac Effects of Psychotropic Drugs","display_name":"Cardiac Effects of Psychotropic Drugs","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7104538231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v30n6p625","mag":"153328944","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11817292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v30n6p625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v30n6p625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v30n6p625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134891020","display_name":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore","issn_l":"0304-4602","issn":["0304-4602","2972-4066"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317082","host_organization_name":"Academy of Medicine, Singapore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317082"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Medicine, Singapore"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"SA Chong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SA Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodbridge Hospital and Institute of Mental Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodbridge Hospital and Institute of Mental Health","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mythily Subramaniam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mythily Subramaniam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodbridge Hospital and Institute of Mental Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodbridge Hospital and Institute of Mental Health","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029463248","display_name":"Rathi Mahendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-7163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-7163"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Mahendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodbridge Hospital and Institute of Mental Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodbridge Hospital and Institute of Mental Health","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79879377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":"625","last_page":"631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11083","display_name":"Cardiac Health and Mental Health","score":0.5034000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11083","display_name":"Cardiac Health and Mental Health","score":0.5034000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.43950000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.02810000069439411,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotropic-drugs","display_name":"psychotropic drugs","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-side-effects","display_name":"cardiac side effects","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-drugs","display_name":"antipsychotic drugs","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thioridazine","display_name":"thioridazine","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tricyclic-antidepressants","display_name":"tricyclic antidepressants","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors","display_name":"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood-stabilizers","display_name":"mood stabilizers","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium","display_name":"lithium","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbamazepine","display_name":"carbamazepine","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valproic-acid","display_name":"valproic acid","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzodiazepines","display_name":"benzodiazepines","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qtc-prolongation","display_name":"QTc prolongation","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sudden-cardiac-death","display_name":"sudden cardiac death","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-cardiotoxicity","display_name":"drug-induced cardiotoxicity","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecg-monitoring","display_name":"ECG monitoring","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8500999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202837","display_name":"Sudden cardiac death","level":2,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500558357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","level":2,"score":0.527400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781081902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3539074","display_name":"Tricyclic","level":2,"score":0.5162000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4945000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779253243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410412","display_name":"Carbamazepine","level":3,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988455589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189331","display_name":"Cardiac arrhythmia","level":3,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993714069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3706669","display_name":"Psychotropic drug","level":3,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909703345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3706669","display_name":"Psychotropic Agent","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778802184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410346","display_name":"Lamotrigine","level":3,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780634440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408535","display_name":"Quetiapine","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777698277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266018","display_name":"Acute coronary syndrome","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779177932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907104","display_name":"Ranolazine","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017736306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3706669","display_name":"Psychotropic medication","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500440147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701216","display_name":"Pharmacotherapy","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007024","descriptor_name":"Hypotension, Orthostatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009203","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Infarction","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v30n6p625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v30n6p625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v30n6p625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134891020","display_name":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore","issn_l":"0304-4602","issn":["0304-4602","2972-4066"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317082","host_organization_name":"Academy of Medicine, Singapore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317082"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Medicine, Singapore"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11817292","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11817292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:153328944","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11817292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168678988","https://openalex.org/W220488953","https://openalex.org/W985114652","https://openalex.org/W1912892478","https://openalex.org/W1967868233","https://openalex.org/W1969672614","https://openalex.org/W1972720673","https://openalex.org/W1972740482","https://openalex.org/W1974821921","https://openalex.org/W1975318977","https://openalex.org/W1976885653","https://openalex.org/W1985845217","https://openalex.org/W1986794266","https://openalex.org/W1989972780","https://openalex.org/W1990443387","https://openalex.org/W1991218465","https://openalex.org/W1991290782","https://openalex.org/W1992882666","https://openalex.org/W1993781894","https://openalex.org/W2002581876","https://openalex.org/W2009014219","https://openalex.org/W2009925405","https://openalex.org/W2013805493","https://openalex.org/W2022259038","https://openalex.org/W2023307890","https://openalex.org/W2024993254","https://openalex.org/W2026634391","https://openalex.org/W2028067082","https://openalex.org/W2029044141","https://openalex.org/W2030638522","https://openalex.org/W2031270753","https://openalex.org/W2039041346","https://openalex.org/W2043064886","https://openalex.org/W2047399069","https://openalex.org/W2048254569","https://openalex.org/W2049430168","https://openalex.org/W2054776920","https://openalex.org/W2055421991","https://openalex.org/W2060802427","https://openalex.org/W2067559376","https://openalex.org/W2067951970","https://openalex.org/W2070382490","https://openalex.org/W2071941571","https://openalex.org/W2072512615","https://openalex.org/W2074067141","https://openalex.org/W2080368148","https://openalex.org/W2087237399","https://openalex.org/W2088495361","https://openalex.org/W2090641804","https://openalex.org/W2095984135","https://openalex.org/W2096091093","https://openalex.org/W2115629122","https://openalex.org/W2118006040","https://openalex.org/W2121711249","https://openalex.org/W2129945146","https://openalex.org/W2140182422","https://openalex.org/W2146142543","https://openalex.org/W2146713994","https://openalex.org/W2154082811","https://openalex.org/W2163541859","https://openalex.org/W2322315901","https://openalex.org/W2401979083","https://openalex.org/W2409709904","https://openalex.org/W2914770700","https://openalex.org/W2948405787","https://openalex.org/W4230723663","https://openalex.org/W4251383559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4211081966","https://openalex.org/W4412942209","https://openalex.org/W2262672879","https://openalex.org/W4388653469","https://openalex.org/W2006112946","https://openalex.org/W2472905321","https://openalex.org/W2127848701","https://openalex.org/W4294201755","https://openalex.org/W7142943322","https://openalex.org/W2789553778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"The":[1,108,133,191],"incidence":[2],"of":[3,18,74,186,212,230,250,255],"mortality":[4],"is":[5,183],"higher":[6,210],"among":[7,11],"psychiatric":[8,23],"patients":[9,199,208],"than":[10],"the":[12,16,22,44,58,61,75,78,83,92,123,141,150,157,167,228,247,256],"general":[13,195],"population":[14],"and":[15,32,43,71,100,171,203,225,261],"cause":[17,153],"which":[19],"may":[20],"be":[21,51,237,264],"disorder":[24],"itself":[25],"or":[26],"other":[27],"related":[28],"factors":[29,241],"like":[30],"life-style":[31],"medications.":[33],"Sudden":[34],"death":[35],"has":[36,126,235],"been":[37,48,174],"associated":[38,175],"with":[39,176,200,209,221,239],"certain":[40,112],"psychotropic":[41,66,84,94,231,252],"drugs":[42,85,95,113,232],"underlying":[45],"cause(s)":[46],"have":[47,137,173],"suggested":[49],"to":[50,65,82,91,152,236],"some":[52],"adverse":[53,119],"cardiac":[54,62,79,120,131,189,213,217,223],"complications.":[55,121],"We":[56,88],"reviewed":[57],"literature":[59,76],"for":[60,118,130],"effects":[63,80,224],"attributed":[64,81],"drugs.":[67,253],"METHODS:":[68],"A":[69],"Medline":[70],"manual":[72],"search":[73,109],"on":[77,140],"was":[86],"performed.":[87],"limited":[89],"ourselves":[90],"main":[93],"(antipsychotics,":[96],"antidepressants,":[97],"mood":[98,168],"stabilizers,":[99,169],"benzodiazepines)":[101],"that":[102,111],"are":[103,163,193],"available":[104],"in":[105,194,198,242],"Singapore.":[106],"RESULTS:":[107],"showed":[110],"carry":[114],"a":[115,127],"greater":[116,128],"potential":[117,222],"Among":[122,166],"antipsychotics,":[124],"thioridazine":[125],"risk":[129,211,249],"events.":[132],"tricyclic":[134],"antidepressants":[135],"also":[136],"significant":[138],"effect":[139],"heart":[142,259],"rate,":[143],"blood":[144,257],"pressure":[145],"as":[146,148,244,246],"well":[147,245],"having":[149],"propensity":[151],"prolonged":[154],"QTc,":[155],"whereas":[156],"selective":[158],"serotonin":[159],"reuptake":[160],"inhibitors":[161],"(SSRIs)":[162],"generally":[164],"safe.":[165],"lithium":[170],"carbamazepine":[172],"sinus":[177],"node":[178],"arrhythmias":[179],"while":[180],"sodium":[181],"valproate":[182],"relatively":[184],"free":[185],"any":[187],"untoward":[188],"effect.":[190],"benzodiazepines":[192],"safe":[196],"even":[197],"myocardial":[201],"infarction":[202],"coronary":[204],"bypass.":[205],"CONCLUSIONS:":[206],"In":[207],"complications":[214],"(elderly,":[215],"pre-existing":[216],"disorders,":[218],"concurrent":[219],"medications":[220],"poor":[226],"metabolizers),":[227],"choice":[229],"where":[233],"indicated":[234],"considered":[238],"these":[240,251],"mind":[243],"inherent":[248],"Monitoring":[254],"pressure,":[258],"rate":[260],"ECG":[262],"should":[263],"done":[265],"regularly.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2025-11-10T00:00:00"}