{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7102405682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.23642","title":"VisCoder2: Building Multi-Language Visualization Coding Agents","display_name":"VisCoder2: Building Multi-Language Visualization Coding Agents","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7102405682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.23642"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.23642","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23642","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.23642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.23642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108988983","display_name":"Yuansheng Ni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ni, Yuansheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129818549","display_name":"Songcheng Cai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai, Songcheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139755378","display_name":"Xiangchao Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Xiangchao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liang, Jiarong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang, Jiarong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096717925","display_name":"Zhiheng Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0580-8476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0580-8476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyu, Zhiheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Deng, Jiaqi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deng, Jiaqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology , 4 Netmind.ai ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology , 4 Netmind.ai ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zou, Kai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zou, Kai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nie, Ping","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nie, Ping","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuan, Fei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yue, Xiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue, Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen, Wenhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Wenhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.8715999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.8715999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.028699999675154686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-execution","display_name":"program execution","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-correction","display_name":"iterative correction","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-languages","display_name":"programming languages","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.8762999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.8345999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5148000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094420","display_name":"Iterative refinement","level":2,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14669888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4014850","display_name":"Creative visualization","level":3,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185578843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10609775","display_name":"Information visualization","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104597421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148529","display_name":"Color-coding","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.26330000162124634}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.23642","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23642","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.23642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.23642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.23642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.23642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.23642","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23642","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.23642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7102405682.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7102405682.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1,28],"models":[2,19,119,138],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"recently":[5],"enabled":[6],"coding":[7,66],"agents":[8],"capable":[9],"of":[10,34,116,136],"generating,":[11],"executing,":[12],"and":[13,32,45,51,77,101,107,132],"revising":[14],"visualization":[15,65,79,118],"code.":[16],"However,":[17],"existing":[18],"often":[20],"fail":[21],"in":[22,158],"practical":[23],"workflows":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26],"limited":[27],"coverage,":[29],"unreliable":[30],"execution,":[31],"lack":[33],"iterative":[35,145],"correction":[36,83],"mechanisms.":[37],"Progress":[38],"has":[39],"been":[40],"constrained":[41],"by":[42],"narrow":[43],"datasets":[44],"benchmarks":[46],"that":[47,125],"emphasize":[48],"single-round":[49],"generation":[50,106],"single-language":[52],"tasks.":[53],"To":[54],"address":[55],"these":[56],"challenges,":[57],"we":[58,111],"introduce":[59],"three":[60],"complementary":[61],"resources":[62],"for":[63,93,103],"advancing":[64],"agents.":[67],"VisCode-Multi-679K":[68],"is":[69,90],"a":[70,91,114],"large-scale,":[71],"supervised":[72],"dataset":[73],"containing":[74],"679K":[75],"validated":[76],"executable":[78,97],"samples":[80],"with":[81,141],"multi-turn":[82],"dialogues":[84],"across":[85],"12":[86],"programming":[87],"languages.":[88,162],"VisPlotBench":[89],"benchmark":[92],"systematic":[94],"evaluation,":[95],"featuring":[96],"tasks,":[98],"rendered":[99],"outputs,":[100],"protocols":[102],"both":[104],"initial":[105],"multi-round":[108],"self-debug.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"present":[112],"VisCoder2,":[113],"family":[115],"multi-language":[117],"trained":[120],"on":[121],"VisCode-Multi-679K.":[122],"Experiments":[123],"show":[124],"VisCoder2":[126],"significantly":[127],"outperforms":[128],"strong":[129],"open-source":[130],"baselines":[131],"approaches":[133],"the":[134,154],"performance":[135],"proprietary":[137],"like":[139],"GPT-4.1,":[140],"further":[142],"gains":[143],"from":[144],"self-debug,":[146],"reaching":[147],"82.4%":[148],"overall":[149],"execution":[150],"pass":[151],"rate":[152],"at":[153],"32B":[155],"scale,":[156],"particularly":[157],"symbolic":[159],"or":[160],"compiler-dependent":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-30T00:00:00"}
