{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7100748937","doi":null,"title":"CARMA: A Hardware Tamper-Resistant Isolated Execution Environment on Commodity x86 Platforms","display_name":"CARMA: A Hardware Tamper-Resistant Isolated Execution Environment on Commodity x86 Platforms","publication_year":null,"publication_date":null,"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7100748937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.227.4525","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.227.4525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.cmu.edu/%7Ejmmccune/papers/VaMcNePevDo2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7100748937"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020744322","display_name":"Amit Vasudevan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Vasudevan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108440910","display_name":"Jonathan M. McCune","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Mccune","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113488541","display_name":"James Newsome","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Newsome","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056518136","display_name":"Adrian Perrig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-5412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-5412"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Perrig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078540145","display_name":"Leendert van Doorn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leendert Van Doorn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-execution-environment","display_name":"trusted execution environments","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamper-resistance","display_name":"tamper resistance","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-boot","display_name":"secure boot","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.8427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170723468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182933","display_name":"x86","level":3,"score":0.784600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6830999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5706999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317088","display_name":"Commodity","level":2,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147346212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5492632","display_name":"Trusted computing base","level":4,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14645","display_name":"Rootkit","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174683762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609588","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","level":4,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676202","display_name":"System software","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.227.4525","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.227.4525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.cmu.edu/%7Ejmmccune/papers/VaMcNePevDo2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149256534","https://openalex.org/W2316352979","https://openalex.org/W7099333121","https://openalex.org/W1974428160","https://openalex.org/W2141547891","https://openalex.org/W7096803578","https://openalex.org/W2513057067","https://openalex.org/W7100211085","https://openalex.org/W7095224866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Much":[0],"effort":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"spent":[4],"to":[5,51,56,90],"reduce":[6,52],"the":[7,17,53,69,86,92],"software":[8],"Trusted":[9],"Computing":[10],"Base":[11],"(TCB)":[12],"of":[13,60,73],"modern":[14],"systems.":[15],"However,":[16],"hardware":[18,54,61],"TCB":[19,55],"remains":[20],"complex":[21],"and":[22,29,71],"untrustworthy.":[23],"Components":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"memory,":[27,93],"peripherals,":[28,95],"system":[30,99],"buses":[31],"may":[32],"become":[33],"malicious":[34,39,42],"via":[35],"firmware":[36],"compromise,":[37],"a":[38,41,57],"manufacturer,":[40],"supply":[43],"chain,":[44],"or":[45,96],"local":[46],"physical":[47],"tampering.":[48],"We":[49,67],"seek":[50],"minimal":[58],"set":[59],"components":[62],"that":[63,82],"must":[64],"be":[65],"trusted.":[66],"describe":[68],"design":[70],"implementation":[72],"an":[74],"isolated":[75],"execution":[76],"environment":[77],"on":[78,85],"commodity":[79],"x86":[80],"platforms":[81],"only":[83],"relies":[84],"CPU,":[87],"without":[88],"needing":[89],"trust":[91],"buses,":[94],"any":[97],"other":[98],"components.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}
