{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7100496105","doi":null,"title":"Cities as Complex Systems\u2020 Scaling, Interactions, Networks, Dynamics","display_name":"Cities as Complex Systems\u2020 Scaling, Interactions, Networks, Dynamics","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7100496105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.555.7901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.555.7901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/15183/1/15183.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Urban Morphologies","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urban Morphologies","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Urban Morphologies","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urban Morphologies","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003307854","display_name":"Michael Batty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-1305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-1305"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Batty","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80669338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8163999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8163999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.12219999730587006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-dynamics","display_name":"urban dynamics","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equilibrium-model","display_name":"equilibrium model","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-interaction","display_name":"spatial interaction","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralized-decision-making","display_name":"decentralized decision-making","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dynamics","display_name":"nonlinear dynamics","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-automata","display_name":"cellular automata","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agent-based-modeling","display_name":"agent-based modeling","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-networks","display_name":"urban networks","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-scaling","display_name":"urban scaling","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5992000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.5949000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5582000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.5489000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103382277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282640","display_name":"General equilibrium theory","level":2,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4904824","display_name":"Bifurcation","level":3,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95514000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786897","display_name":"Autocatalytic reaction","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780713532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93158","display_name":"Edge of chaos","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145940883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385256","display_name":"Urban economics","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777071753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898132","display_name":"Urban structure","level":3,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126701199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264224","display_name":"Complex dynamics","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106960710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609408","display_name":"Self-organization","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119693030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2180497","display_name":"Economic model","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836133","display_name":"Economic equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776184637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6506039","display_name":"Living systems","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779374083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011038","display_name":"CHAOS (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.555.7901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.555.7901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/15183/1/15183.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2466725434","https://openalex.org/W1595071191","https://openalex.org/W2185734910","https://openalex.org/W1515933444","https://openalex.org/W1529708367","https://openalex.org/W1981361040","https://openalex.org/W2078154791","https://openalex.org/W2883769347","https://openalex.org/W3028190308","https://openalex.org/W7100689642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cities":[0],"have":[1,133,152],"been":[2],"treated":[3],"as":[4,60],"systems":[5,23,27,127],"for":[6],"fifty":[7],"year":[8],"but":[9,135],"only":[10],"in":[11,73,164],"the":[12,17,32,38,41,51,80,85,155,162,167],"last":[13],"two":[14],"decades":[15],"has":[16,53],"focus":[18],"changed":[19,54],"from":[20,31],"aggregate":[21],"equilibrium":[22,46,99],"to":[24,55,118,154],"more":[25,120,137],"evolving":[26],"whose":[28],"structure":[29],"merges":[30],"bottom":[33],"up.":[34],"We":[35,92],"first":[36],"outline":[37],"rudiments":[39],"of":[40,67,70,87,98,140,166,169],"traditional":[42],"approach":[43],"focusing":[44],"on":[45,104,145],"and":[47,90,107,131,148,172],"then":[48,109],"discuss":[49],"how":[50,111],"paradigm":[52],"one":[56],"which":[57,83,128],"treats":[58],"cities":[59],"emergent":[61],"phenomena":[62],"generated":[63],"through":[64],"a":[65,96],"combination":[66],"hierarchical":[68],"levels":[69],"decision,":[71],"driven":[72],"decentralized":[74],"fashion.":[75],"This":[76],"is":[77],"consistent":[78],"with":[79,95,161],"complexity":[81],"sciences":[82],"dominate":[84],"simulation":[86],"urban":[88,142,158],"form":[89],"function.":[91],"begin":[93],"however":[94],"review":[97],"models,":[100],"particularly":[101],"those":[102],"based":[103,144],"spatial":[105],"interaction,":[106],"we":[108],"explore":[110],"simple":[112],"dynamic":[113],"frameworks":[114],"can":[115],"be":[116],"fashioned":[117],"generate":[119],"realistic":[121],"models.":[122],"In":[123],"exploring":[124],"dynamics,":[125],"nonlinear":[126],"admit":[129],"chaos":[130],"bifurcation":[132],"relevance":[134],"recently":[136],"pragmatic":[138],"schemes":[139],"structuring":[141],"models":[143,159],"cellular":[146],"automata":[147],"agent-based":[149],"modeling":[150],"principles":[151],"come":[153],"fore.":[156],"Most":[157],"deal":[160],"city":[163],"terms":[165],"location":[168],"its":[170],"economic":[171],"demographic":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}