{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7100349672","doi":null,"title":"Wal-Mart and County-Wide Poverty","display_name":"Wal-Mart and County-Wide Poverty","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7100349672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.534.8598","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.534.8598","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.highroadvermont.org/articles/65/WalMart poverty research.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035164673","display_name":"Stephan J. Goetz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-552X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-552X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan J. Goetz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027202636","display_name":"Hema Swaminathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1822-1704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1822-1704"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hema Swaminathan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.34060001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/walmart","display_name":"Walmart","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retail-chains","display_name":"retail chains","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-rate","display_name":"poverty rate","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retail-competition","display_name":"retail competition","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-practices","display_name":"labor practices","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-choice","display_name":"consumer choice","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retail-employment","display_name":"retail employment","score":0.5419999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.8335999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178377140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q928590","display_name":"Culture of poverty","level":4,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775950104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804232","display_name":"Measuring poverty","level":3,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196777733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550467","display_name":"Basic needs","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.534.8598","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.534.8598","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.highroadvermont.org/articles/65/WalMart poverty research.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":1.0,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122436355","https://openalex.org/W7098163111","https://openalex.org/W7100041028","https://openalex.org/W168234466","https://openalex.org/W4403104298","https://openalex.org/W7098389462","https://openalex.org/W1519558172","https://openalex.org/W6982401748","https://openalex.org/W3090304165","https://openalex.org/W4283720374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"than":[0,96],"a":[1],"former":[2],"Post-Doctoral":[3],"scholar":[4],"at":[5,72],"Penn":[6],"State.":[7],"Opinions":[8],"expressed":[9],"are":[10],"those":[11],"of":[12,36,111,135],"the":[13,86,112,130,137],"authors,":[14],"and":[15,28,57,108,125],"their":[16],"affiliation":[17],"appears":[18,50],"for":[19,39,66],"informational":[20],"purposes":[21,41],"only.":[22],"\u00a92004":[23],"by":[24,42,68],"Stephan":[25],"J.":[26],"Goetz":[27],"Hema":[29],"Swaminthan.":[30],"Readers":[31],"may":[32],"make":[33],"verbatim":[34],"copies":[35],"this":[37,47,97],"document":[38],"non-commercial":[40],"any":[43],"means,":[44],"provided":[45],"that":[46,78],"copyright":[48],"notice":[49],"on":[51,104,120],"all":[52],"such":[53],"copies.":[54],"2":[55],"Wal-Mart":[56,60],"County-Wide":[58],"Poverty":[59],"has":[61,102],"created":[62],"tremendous":[63],"economic":[64],"benefits":[65],"consumers":[67],"providing":[69],"more":[70],"choices":[71],"lower":[73],"prices,":[74],"especially":[75],"in":[76],"communities":[77],"had":[79],"only":[80],"local":[81],"retail":[82,121],"monopolies":[83],"prior":[84],"to":[85,144],"chain\u2018s":[87],"arrival.":[88],"Yet":[89],"no":[90],"retailer":[91],"evokes":[92],"stronger":[93],"negative":[94],"emotions":[95],"chain.":[98],"Recent":[99],"me-dia":[100],"attention":[101],"focused":[103],"questionable":[105],"labor":[106],"practices":[107],"other":[109],"impacts":[110,119],"stores,":[113],"while":[114],"academic":[115],"studies":[116],"have":[117],"examined":[118],"wages,":[122],"employment":[123],"levels":[124],"existing":[126],"stores.":[127],"Missing":[128],"from":[129],"literature":[131],"is":[132,141],"an":[133],"analysis":[134],"whether":[136],"\u201cWal-Mart":[138],"effect":[139],"\u201d":[140],"large":[142],"enough":[143],"influence":[145],"community-wide":[146],"poverty":[147],"rates.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}